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10 September 2012, Volume 9 Issue 9 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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Study on the Protective Effect of Total Flavonoids from Garduus Crispus. L for Mice Liver Injury CAI Wei, GUO Feng-Xia 2012, 9(9): 513-515.  Abstract ( 186 )   PDF (414KB) ( 139 )   ObjectiveTo research the protective effect of total flavonoids from Garduus Crispus. L for mice liver injury models caused by delayed hypersensitivity induced by SRBC. MethodsThis experiment used mice as experimental objects. The model was built by SRBC 1.0×108 ·0.1mL-1 ·10g-1 ip followed by SRBC 0.5×108 ·0.2μL-1 ·10g-1 liver puncture attack 5 days later. Using total flavonoids from Garduus Crispus. L ig as experimental drug, the viscera index, plasma ALT and AST levels as well as liver SOD activity and MDA content were determined at last. ResultsThe visceral index and plasma ALT and AST in model group were significantly higher than that in placebo group, showing the autoimmune liver damage test model was built successfully. The viscera index, plasma ALT and AST levels as well as liver SOD activity and MDA content in each treatment group were significantly superior to that in model control group (P <0.05). ConclusionTotal flavonoids from Garduus Crispus. L can effectively resist the mice liver damage caused by delayed hypersensitivity induced by SRBC. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Quality Control Methodology of Alkaloid Substance from Radix et Rhizome Sophorae Tonkinensis Based on Acute Toxicity ZHENG Li-na, REN Hai-yong, LI Su-jun , SUN Rong 2012, 9(9): 516-519.  Abstract ( 161 )   PDF (411KB) ( 178 )   Objective Under the guidance of the acute toxicity of different components of Radix et Rhizome Sophorae Tonkinensis, the quality control methodology of alkaloid substance from Radix et Rhizome Sophorae Tonkinensis was studied. Methods HPLC was used to determine the content of matrine and oxymatrine in all-components, water extract, alcohol extract of Radix et Rhizome Sophorae Tonkinensis. The YWG-NH2 column(250mm× 4.6mm,5μm) with the solvent system consisting of acetonitrile anhydrous ethanol-3% phosphoric acid solution(80:10:10) was used. The detection wavelength was at 205nm by UV spectrometry and the column temperature was 30℃.The flow rate was 1.0mL-1min. Results During 0.102-2.04 g, the linear regression of matrine was favorable. During 0.156~3.12 g, the linear regression of oxymatrine was favorable. The average recovery rates were all more than 99%. In the determination of matrine and oxymatrine in different components of Radix et Rhizome Sophorae Tonkinensis, it was found that the size order of the content of matrine is water extract>alcohol extract >all-component, and the content of oxymatrine is all-components>alcohol extract>water extract. Conclusion The method that matrine and oxymatrine was determined by HPLC has good linearity, precision, stability and reproducibility, high recovery. There is a certain relationship between the content of matrine and oxymatrine and acute toxicity in different components of Radix et Rhizome Sophorae Tonkinensis, but not completely consistent. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Effect of the Combination of Fosfomycin and Aminoglycosides on Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm FAN Yan, WANG Rui 2012, 9(9): 520-522.  Abstract ( 253 )   PDF (481KB) ( 223 )   ObjectiveTo study the combination effect of fosfomycin and aminoglycosides on the formation of biofilm of Pseudomonas aeruginosa(PAO1) in vitro. MethodsThe modified plate culture method was used to establish biofilm model in vitro with which the morphology of PAO1 biofilms were observed and compared by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) after treated with different dosages of fosfomycin and aminoglycosides. ResultsSEM of PAO1 biofilms showed that bacteria were both bacillus surrounded by accidented material and the bacteria were connected each other with mucoid substance. The restraining effects on the formation of biofilm of combination groups were more than that of non-combination groups. ConclusionThere were obvious differences between combination of fosfomycin and aminoglycosides groups and non-combination groups in the formation of PAO1 biofilm. Synergistic action of fosfomycin to aminoglycosides is verified. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Unlicensed and Off-Label Drug in Pediatric Patients LI Hui, YE Xiao-fei, GUO Xiao-jing, QIAN Wei, HE Jia 2012, 9(9): 523-527.  Abstract ( 224 )   PDF (436KB) ( 294 )   ObjectiveTo introduce the conception and pediatric use of unlicensed/off-label medicines, and explore the relationship between them and adverse drug reactions in children. MethodsA number of native and international literatures involved from 2000 till now was collected, analyzed and reviewed. ResultsThe results indicated that different children population has different characteristic. In general, off-label/unlicensed prescription rates ranged widely, and higher rates were found in hospital versus community patients, especially in neonates. The most common category of off-label use were age and dose. There was no consensus about whether off-label/unlicensed medicines would increase the risk of adverse drug reactions. Further studies are needed to evaluate it in the future. ConclusionUnlicensed and off-label medicines are widely used in pediatric patients and we should look at the issue objectively. To ensure that children are not exposed to unnecessary risks, the state shall establish rules and regulations of health care organizations and promote the development of controlled clinical trials for children's medicines. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Present Standards and Regulation of Pediatric Medical Devices in China and USA YANG Peng-fei, JIA Jian-xiong, LIU Bao-lin 2012, 9(9): 528-531.  Abstract ( 176 )   PDF (476KB) ( 343 )   Pediatric medical devices are being paid more and more attentions in many countries because of its importance. In this paper, the standards and regulation status of pediatric medical devices in China and USA are summarized. Several documents related to pediatric medical devices issued by FDA are introduced, including guidance for industry and FDA staff, premarket assessment of pediatric medical devices and barriers to the availability of medical devices intended for the treatment or diagnosis of diseases and conditions that affect children. Some suggestions are provided to develop the satndards and regulations for pediatric medical device in China. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Development on the Influence of Traditional Chinese Aromatic Medicine on the Structure and Function of Blood-brain Barrier CHI Xue-jie, HUANG You-yi, SUN Rong 2012, 9(9): 532-534.  Abstract ( 158 )   PDF (498KB) ( 568 )   ObjectiveThe influence of Traditional Chinese Aromatic Medicine on the structure and function of blood-brain barrier, to provide accordance and research ideas for digging, screening, evaluating, developing original new drug from the traditional effect "aromatic and resuscitation". MethodsThe related references in recent 10 years both at home and abroad about Traditional Chinese Aromatic Medicine were collated, analyzed and summarized. ResultsModern pharmacological studies indicate that the permeability of BBB could be changed by Traditional Chinese Aromatic Medicine in three ways, first it can develop potency by permeating the BBB reinlessly, second it can protect the brain tissue by reducing the permeability of BBB, third it can promote the opening of BBB, while its mechanism of action may be concerned with restraining the expression and function of P-glycoprotein. ConclusionWe can lucubrate mechanism of action in traditional Chinese aromatic medicine from P-gp, as well as explore the effective material basis. This will becomg investigate focal point. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the Development of the Mechanism of Action, Prevention and Treatment for Irinotecan-induced Diarrhea ZHANG Xiao-guang, ZHANG Xia 2012, 9(9): 535-538.  Abstract ( 160 )   PDF (538KB) ( 548 )   ObjectiveTo review the mechanism of irinotecan-induced type diarrhea and the prevention and therapy for it. MethodsAnalyze the irinotecan-induced diarrhea based on the relevance literature searched on the PUBMED and CNKI from 2001 to 2011. ResultsMetabolic processes of irinotecan is affected by a variety of metabolic enzymes, genes and proteins. Many drugs have different therapeutic effects for the delayed diarrhea. Conlusion Make an in-depth understanding of the mechanism of irinotecan-induced delayed diarrhea, which can further improve its safety and efficacy. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Signal Detection in the Software for Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring HOU Yong-fang, WANG Ling, GUO Xiu-hua, DU Xiao-xi 2012, 9(9): 539-541.  Abstract ( 371 )   PDF (578KB) ( 691 )   Signal detection is an automatic and systematic method to mine various types of drug safety database. Potential safety problems can be found early and accurately by the method. National center for ADR monitoring system has applied signal detection methods to discover the drug safety signal in ADR database in China. By explaining how the currently used algorithms work, introducing how the signal detection is applied in the software for adverse drug reaction monitoring, provide technique support for understanding and mastering signal detection methods and tools. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of 274 Cases of Adverse Drug Reaction Caused by Clozapine Tablets LIANG Jin-feng, WANG Chun-ting, CHEN Zhi-geng 2012, 9(9): 542-544.  Abstract ( 201 )   PDF (573KB) ( 536 )   ObjectiveTo probe into the general pattern and characteristics of ADRs induced by clozapine so as to provide references for clinic rational use of clozapine. MethodsCombining the literature, review and retrospectively analyze 274 cases induced by clozapine. ResultsADRs induced by clozapine involve thirteen organ-system damage, the major damages are the damage of the hepatobiliary system and abnormal white blood cells and the reticuloendothelial system, which usually manifest as abnormal liver function, leukopenia and neutropenia. ConclusionIt should be strengthened to observe and evaluate the severe ADRs induced by clozapine. And the medication monitoring of clozapine should be enhanced in order to reduce the injury which the drugs bring. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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67 Cases Literature Analysis of Adverse Drug Reaction by Meglumine Diatrizoate Injection XIE Yi-ming, JIN Feng, JIANG Zhi-min, YUAN Guo-hui 2012, 9(9): 545-547.  Abstract ( 216 )   PDF (603KB) ( 161 )   Objective Explore the clinical characteristics and regularity of ADR by Meglumine diatrizoate injection, provide basis for clinical rational drug use. Methods With "Meglumine diatrizoate injection"、"adverse drug reaction" as keywords, retrieved literatures in 1997 to 2012 China journal full-text database, 54 articles of ADR by Meglumine diatrizoate injection, involving 67 patients(with repeated case) were statistically analyzed. Results and Conclusion Meglumine diatrizoate injection inducing ADR was irrelevant with dose, appeared in fast-type and delayed-type characteristic, clinical application should be monitored closely to prevent the occurrence of adverse reactions. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of 123 Case of Tanreqing Injection Adverse Drug Reactions XU Wen-tan, ZHANG Ya-lan, XU Chang-e 2012, 9(9): 548-549.  Abstract ( 188 )   PDF (580KB) ( 347 )   To study the features and patterns of adverse drug reation(ADR) induced by Tanreqing injection and to provide reference for rational use of drugs. Methods 123 ADR cases induced by Tanreqing injection publicly reported in domestic medical journals from 1996 to 2011 were analyzed statistically. Results Main clinical manifestations of Tanreqing injection inducing ADR were the disorders of skin and appendants damage. ADR mostly occurred within 60 min. Conclusion Clinical physician should pay attention to ADR induced by Tanreqing injection to reduce or avoid the occurrence of ADR. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of 160 Cases of Kidney Toxicity Caused by Clindamycin Injection JIANG La-Mei, Qi Xiang-Rong 2012, 9(9): 550-552.  Abstract ( 205 )   PDF (637KB) ( 448 )   Objective To analyze the reasons of hematuria and renal failure in clinical applications of clindamycin injection, to provide references for clinical rational drug use. Methods According to literature retrieval of domestic medical journals from 2005 to June 2011 about the renal toxicity cases induced by Clindamycin injection, to analyze the frequency, dosage, blood drug concentration, combination and related substances of clindamycin injection in clinical medication. Results Acute renal failure and hematuria occurred in 86 cases, accounting for 53.75% of 160 cases. We think that the high concentration of medication, fast dropping speed, combined use of drugs and related substances are the main factors for kidney toxicity. Conclusion Pay more attention to the rational use of Clindamycin. standardize the range and dose in clinical use, perfect the insert sheet and improve the quality specification. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Factors Affecting the Evaluation of Individual ADR Reports ZHAO Shi-dan, LU Zhong-ping 2012, 9(9): 553-554.  Abstract ( 273 )   PDF (545KB) ( 380 )   Systematically analyzed multiple factors of defects that affect the evaluation report for individual adverse drug reactions(ADR) in our work ,such as the degree of perfection of ADR reports, evaluation method, drug combination, product instructions, medical and pharmaceutical-related capability of ADR workers as well as individual factors and etc. We aimed to reduce the interference factors and increase the accuracy during the process of analysis and evaluation of ADR report. Furthermore, we have briefly described the importance of evaluation for individual ADR report and the relationship between ADR and drug safety warning. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Optimization of Preparation Technology for Qianliean Concentrated Pill by Orthogonal Test YAN Xia ,XIAO Yan-ying, ZHAO Ying-bo ,YUCHI Bai-fu 2012, 9(9): 555-557.  Abstract ( 187 )   PDF (592KB) ( 187 )   Objective To optimize the best preparation technology of Qianliean concentrated pill and control its resolving time in quality standard range. Methods In the condition of the fixed drying temperature and drying time, orthogonal test was performed with the dissolving time as index. Results The best preparation technology of Qianliean concentrated pill was A2B1C2, thus using the plan B, in which Curcumae Radix, Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma, and Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex were made powder, and the others remained were extracted. The powder fineness was 80 mesh, and paste proportion was 1.30. Conclusion The comprehensive quality of Qianliean concentrated pill was greatly improved under the optimizated extraction technology by orthogonal test. In this case, the moisture content of pills was controlled in the range of 6~7.5%, and resolving time was in full compliance with the provision. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Assessment of 550 Cases of Drug Usage of Pregnant Women HAN Zhao-hong, FENG-xin, TANG Hong-bo, CHONG Ling-li 2012, 9(9): 558-559.  Abstract ( 174 )   PDF (594KB) ( 376 )   ObjectiveTo investigate the awareness of safe administration of medicines and drug use by pregnant women that provide information on drug education. MethodsTo work out the questionnaire on 550 pregnant women, evaluate the safety of drug administration. ResultsThe level of education and knowledge of drug use of the pregnant women was high. The ratio of nutriment application was 98.4%. The Traditional Chinese Medicines were preference drugs, most of pregnant women were care of drug use. ConclusionTo provide guidance for rational drug use, pharmacist should make specific educational program based on the characteristics of pregnant women. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comments on Cases and Drug Using Analysis of 360 Cases in 2011 in Our Hospital DU Xin 2012, 9(9): 560-563.  Abstract ( 145 )   PDF (612KB) ( 265 )   ObjectiveTo standardize the behaviour of the clinician on how to give proper medicine based on cases. Ensure the safety and the efficacy of the medicine for patients. And bring the pharmacist into full play. MethodsChoose 360 of the cases in 2011 in our hospital to comment and statistically analyze the phenomenon of irrational drug use. Results32.22％ of the cases are substandard, 128 of which are irrational drug use, mainly including irrational ways and amount of giving medicine, not choosing proper medicine, irrational combined medication, repeat to give patients extra medicine, incompatibility and so on. ConclusionThrough the study and the comment on cases, I found that the irrational drug use was very common in our hospital. Pharmacist should report the comments to the clinician to intervene and remind them to ensure the safe and efficient drug use. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Influence of Intervention on the Adverse Reactions of Antibacterial Drugs GU Qiu-jun, CHEN Zhi-gao, DOU Wen-qin 2012, 9(9): 564-565.  Abstract ( 219 )   PDF (618KB) ( 171 )   ObjectiveTo explore the method of reducing adverse drug reactions(ADR) through analyzing the influence factors of adverse reactions of antibacterial drugs. MethodsThe basic situation of patients, involving drugs and ADR types before and after the special improvement program on antibacterial drugs were analyzed and compared retrospectively. ResultsThrough the intervention activities, the ADR of antibacterial drugs were reduced, the proportion of penicillin and serious ADR became less significantly. ConclusionThe ADR of antibacterial drugs are closely associated with the use frequency and use strength, and also related to the variety of antibacterial drugs, irrational use and other factors. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Investigation of the Use of Antibacterial Drugs in Pediatric Outpatient Department of Our Hospital ZHOU Hong, LIN Zhi-qiang, LV Da-na, FU Xin-yang, ZHANG Guo-wei 2012, 9(9): 566-568.  Abstract ( 224 )   PDF (632KB) ( 408 )   ObjectiveTo investigate the use of antimicrobial drugs in pediatric outpatient department, and promote the rational use of medicine. Methods3 360 prescriptions from August 2011 to September 2011 were randomly selected from computer system in pediatric outpatient department, and statistically analyzed by investigating the antibiotics for number of prescriptions, usage frequency, route of administration and combined use, etc. ResultsThere were 1 441 antibacterial prescriptions, the antibacterial use rate was 43%, including 6 categories and 28 species. The top three for the frequency of use was Cefmetazole, Cefpodoxime and Azithromycin. Intravenous administration was the main route, accounting for 58.1%, in which the administration of drug delivery into the pot accounted for 96%. Among the prescriptions of antibacterial drugs, 89% of them contained single agent,11% of them contained two agents,no three or more agents.The use rate of Traditional Chinese Medicine injections combined with antibiotics was 24%. ConclusionSome problems should be paid attention such as the higher antibiotics use rate, the initial antibiotics in higher grade, and combination with Chinese herbal medicines. The hospital should strengthen the selection and standardized use of antibiotics in pediatrics, promote the safe, economical and rational use of drugs. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Rhodiola Sachalinensis Polysaccharides on Activity of the Human T Lymphocytes in Vitro and Proliferation of the Human Gastric Cancer Cell in Vitro ZHANG Hong-xu, HAN Feng 2012, 9(9): 573-576.  Abstract ( 172 )   PDF (726KB) ( 127 )   ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of Rhodiola sachalinensis Polysaccharides(RSP) on activity of the human T lymphocytes in vitro and proliferation of the human gastric cancer cell in vitro. MethodsMTT colorimetry assay and in vitro culture cell number count assay were adopted. ResultsThe results show that RSP significantly accelerated the transformation and proliferation of the healthy human peripheral blood T lymphocytes in vitro(P <0.05) and inhibited the proliferation of the human gastric cancer cell in vitro(P <0.05), and what's more, the inhibitory effect of RSP was stronger than that of Lentinan(P <0.05). ConclusionRSP may be an immunoenhancer and have some efficacy on the prevention and cure of gastric cancer. References | Related Articles | Metrics