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15 August 2025, Volume 22 Issue 8 Previous Issue   

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Effect of Shufeng Jiedu Capsules on the Production of Specific Antibodies against Influenza A H1N1 Virus and the Mechanisms LI Xinying, BAO Lei, LI Shuran, ZHAO Ronghua, SUN Jing, XIE Dan, BAO Yanyan, GUO Shanshan, CUI Xiaolan, GENG Zihan 2025, 22(8): 841-850.  DOI: 10.19803/j.1672-8629.20250170 Abstract ( 7 )   PDF (3192KB) ( 9 )   Objective To explore the effects of Shufeng Jiedu capsules (SFJD) on the humoral immune response in mice with non-lethal influenza A virus (H1N1) infection and the mechanisms using an in vitro model. Methods A mouse model of non-lethal H1N1 infection was established. Mice were randomly divided into the normal, PR8 model, positive drug oseltamivir-phosphate (27.5 mg·kg-1·d-1), SFJD medium-dose (1.144 g·kg-1·d-1), and SFJD high-dose groups (2.288 g·kg-1·d-1). Each group was then divided into five time-point subgroups: Days 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8. The drug was administered by gavage from day 0 to day 4. At each time point, the mice were euthanized for sample collection. Lung and body weights were measured to calculate the lung index. Total IgA, IgM, and IgG in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were detected using a high-throughput liquid phase protein chip multiplex assay. H1N1-specific IgA, IgM, and IgG were measured via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). On day 8, viral loads in lung tissues were assessed by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (Real-time PCR). Lung images were obtained using Micro-CT. The percentage of B cells in peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was analyzed by flow cytometry. Human bronchi epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) were allocated into 6 groups: normal control, virus infection, positive drug (62.5 μmol·L-1), SFJD high-dose (15.6 μg·mL-1) and SFJD medium-dose (7.8 μg·mL-1). Murine lung epithelial-12 cells (MLE12) were divided into five groups: normal control, virus infection, positive drug (250 μmol·L-1), SFJD high-dose (62.5 μg·mL-1) and SFJD medium-dose (31.3 μg·mL-1). Western blot was employed to evaluate the impact of SFJD on expression levels of B cell activating factor (BAFF) in respiratory epithelial cells. Results SFJD reduced the lung index of H1N1 infected mice from day 4 to day 8 (P<0.05), viral load on day 8 (P<0.01), and alleviated inflammatory lesions. It increased the proportion of B cells in peripheral blood and lung tissues (P<0.01, P<0.001), decreased total IgA levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid on day 8, increased total IgM levels (P<0.01), and reduced specific IgA secretion on day 4 (P<0.0001) while promoting specific IgM (P<0.0001) and IgG (P<0.0001) secretion on day 8. SFJD also inhibited BAFF expression in respiratory epithelial cell lines (P<0.05, P<0.001). Conclusion Early administration of SFJD in case of H1N1 infection can restore the peripheral blood B cell proportion, promote their infiltration into lung tissues, enhance specific IgM and IgG secretion, and exert antiviral effects. Additionally, SFJD regulates the humoral immune response post-infection by inhibiting BAFF expression in respiratory epithelial cells and by preventing excessive B cell activation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Yiye Anti-Influenza Capsules on Pneumonia Induced by Human Coronavirus 229E Infection in Mice WANG Xinwei, PENG Yifeng, SUN Jing, JI Zuen, BAO Lei, LUO Henglei, GENG Zihan, ZHANG Hujuan, LI Shuran, ZHANG Jingsheng, GUO Shanshan, CUI Xiaolan, ZHAO Ronghua 2025, 22(8): 851-855.  DOI: 10.19803/j.1672-8629.20250010 Abstract ( 4 )   PDF (1862KB) ( 7 )   Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of Yiye anti-influenza capsules (YYKLG) against pneumonia in mice infected with human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E). Methods A mouse model of pneumonia was established via intranasal infection with HCoV-229E. The mice were randomly divided into seven groups, including high-dose, medium-dose, and low-dose YYKLG groups (0.70 , 0.35 and 0.18 g·kg-1·d-1, respectively). The effects of YYKLG at three doses on the lung index, viral load, pulmonary bronchioles and pathological changes of lung tissues in mice were assessed. Results The lung index of mice in the high and medium dose groups of YYKLG decreased significantly, so did the viral load of lung tissues in the three dose groups. Compared with the model control group, YYKLG reduced the pathological damage to lung bronchioles and lung tissues to varied extents, and the degree of pathological damage in the high and middle dose groups was significantly different from that of the model control group. Conclusion YYKLG can improve the symptoms of pneumonia in model mice infected with the HCoV-229E virus. This study is expected to provide a reference for the treatment of respiratory diseases with traditional Chinese medicine. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Impacts of Shuangshenling Granules on a Cadmium-Induced Chronic Renal Failure Model of Mice XIE Rui, SUN Qiyue, LI Yanying, ZHANG Jingsheng, ZHAO Ronghua, GUO Shanshan, GENG Zihan, BAO Lei, GAO Shuangrong, CUI Xiaolan, XIE Dan, SUN Jing 2025, 22(8): 856-862.  DOI: 10.19803/j.1672-8629.20241036 Abstract ( 3 )   PDF (1702KB) ( 6 )   Objective To study the effect of Shuangshenling granules on a chronic renal failure model of mice induced by cadmium poisoning in order to provide data for clinical applications. Methods The mice were randomly divided into six groups based on body mass, with 20 mice in each group: normal control group, model control group, Shenshuaining granule positive control group, and three Shuangshenling granule dosage groups (9.0, 4.5, 2.2 g·kg-1·d-1). Except the normal control group, each group was injected intraperitoneally with 2 mg·kg-1·d-1 anhydrous cadmium chloride solution for 30 days to establish a chronic renal failure model, and received respective drugs via gavage administration for 45 days at the same time. On days 15 and 45, the retro-orbital blood was collected while enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure the content of serum creatinine (Cr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). The 24-hour urine samples were collected to measure the content of totalprotein (TP). The bilateral kidneys of the mice were excised after the experiment before hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was adopted to examine the histopathological changes of renal tissues. Results Compared with the normal control group, the model group showed a significant increase in serum Cr, BUN and TP on days15 and 45 (P<0.01), and the 24-hour urine significantly increased on day 15 but significantly decreased on day 45. Compared with the model control group, the three Shuangshenling granule dosage groups showed significantly decreased contents of serum Cr and BUN (P<0.01), improved renal function, and regulated urine outputs on days 15 and 45 (P<0.01, P<0.05). On day 15, the content of TP in the three Shuangshenling granule dosage groups significantly decreased, and the same effect was observed in Shuangshenling granule high and medium dosage groups on day 45(P<0.01, P<0.05). In the three dosage groups, such histopathological changes induced by cadmium chloride were mitigated as glomerular enlargement, proliferation of glomerular mesangial cells, renal interstitial congestion, and swelling of renal convoluted tubules. Conclusion Shuangshenling granules have a significant therapeutic effect on chronic renal failure induced by cadmium poisoning in mice. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity Related to Regulation of Mitochondrial-Associated Membranes by PDK4 SHI Yanlei, ZHANG Bing, WANG Yu, XU Zhuoxin, TIAN Min, MENG Min, SA Rina 2025, 22(8): 863-868.  DOI: 10.19803/j.1672-8629.20250272 Abstract ( 4 )   PDF (1785KB) ( 6 )   Objective To analyze the molecular mechanism through which PDK4 regulates Mitochondria-Associated Membranes(MAMs) and explore its potential association with anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity in order to provide data for developing cardioprotective strategies. Methods By reviewing recent literature, the role of PDK4 in MAMs and its potential involvement in anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity was explored. Results There were complicated interactions between PDK4, MAMs, and anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity, primarily manifested as energy metabolism disorders, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and calcium homeostasis imbalance. These interactions played a significant role in the progression of anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity. Conclusion Overexpression of PDK4 can, above all, disrupt calcium homeostasis mediated by MAMs, leading to mitochondrial calcium overload and consequently exacerbating anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity. This study can offer novel insights and help identify potential therapeutic targets for developing protective strategies against anthracycline-associated cardiotoxicity. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Modeling for Prediction of Cardiotoxicity of Chinese Herbal Medicines CHEN Siying, DING Xueli, LIU Shujia, ZHANG Xiaomeng, ZHANG Bing, LIN Zhijian 2025, 22(8): 869-875.  DOI: 10.19803/j.1672-8629.20250236 Abstract ( 3 )   PDF (1473KB) ( 6 )   Objective To establish a prediction model for cardiotoxicity of Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) in order to provide data for safety evaluation and rational clinical use of CHMs. Methods Active ingredients with potential cardiac risks were identified from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database by using the proportional imbalance method. The data was randomly divided into a training set and a validation set. The Random Forest (RF), Decision Tree (DT), K-Nearest Neighbors(KNN), and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) were used for modeling and internal verification. The performance of the model was evaluated using such criteria as the area under the curve (AUC), accuracy, and precision. Active ingredients of CHMs with cardiotoxicity were retrieved from literature that was published from the inception to January 1, 2025. CHMs with possible cardiac risks were retrieved from the spontaneous reporting system database. The Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) database was searched for the active ingredients. The constructed model was externally validated via these tests. Results The model with the best predictability was the KNN. The AUC was 0.684 for the training set and 0.718 for the validation set. Twenty-five chemical ingredients of CHMs with cardiotoxicity were selected based on literature while eleven suspected cardiotoxic CHMs were selected from the spontaneous reporting system database. After external validation, eighteen chemical ingredients and ten CHMs were predicted to have cardiac risks. Conclusion The overall prediction of the model is 80% accurate, so it can be used for predicting cardiotoxicity of chemical ingredients in CHMs. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Preventive Strategies for Anthracycline-Induced Cardiotoxicity Using Traditional Chinese Medicine via Ferroptosis Regulation CAI Haili, ZHANG Xiaomeng, LIU Yadi, CHEN Lijuan, WANG Yu, ZHANG Bing 2025, 22(8): 876-882.  DOI: 10.19803/j.1672-8629.20250310 Abstract ( 3 )   PDF (2253KB) ( 6 )   Objective To investigate the role of the hyperuricemia-ferroptosis pathway in anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity and evaluate the effects of intervention of chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) extract, a traditional Chinese medicine. Methods A doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiotoxicity model was established using zebrafish larvae at 3 days post-fertilization (dpf). The larvae were divided into seven groups: control, DOX alone (10 μmol·L-1), hyperuricemia (100 μmol·L-1) + DOX(10 μmol·L-1), allopurinol (136 μg·mL-1) + DOX(10 μmol·L-1), hyperuricemia(100 μmol·L-1) + DOX(10 μmol·L-1) +ferroptosis inhibitor Fer-1 (1 μmol·L-1), and hyperuricemia(100 μmol·L-1) + DOX(10 μmol·L-1) + chicory extract (low/high dose: 500/1 000 μg·mL-1). Survival rate, heart rate, and cardiac morphological parameters (SV-BA distance and pericardial edema) were recorded. Results Hyperuricemia significantly exacerbated DOX-induced cardiotoxicity, which was manifested as increased heart rate, extended SV-BA distance, and aggravated pericardial edema (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Both Fer-1 and chicory extract markedly ameliorated cardiac injury (P<0.01), especially in the high-dose chicory group. Conclusion Hyperuricemia may aggravate anthracycline cardiotoxicity by activating ferroptosis, while the chicory extract exerts cardioprotective effects. Monitoring ferroptosis-related biomarkers could help establish an early warning system and provide novel strategies for clinical prevention and treatment. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Identification of in vitro and in vivo Chemical Constituents of Buxin Anmian Decoction Based on UPLC-Q Exactive Orbitrap HRMS ZHENG Haiyun, WANG Zhigang, WU Hongwei, WANG Shaonan, WANG Bin 2025, 22(8): 883-888.  DOI: 10.19803/j.1672-8629.20250056 Abstract ( 3 )   PDF (1430KB) ( 7 )   Objective To quickly identify the main chemical components of Buxin Anmian decoction in vitro and in vivo using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap HRMS) technology. Methods 50% ethanol was used to extract the active components of Buxin Anmian decoction via ultrasound. Eight SPF male SD rats were divided into the administration group and control group using the random number table method, with four rats in each. The rats in the administration group were given the 50% ethanol extract by gavage (the crude drug concentration was 2 g·mL-1), while those in the control group were given an equal dose of 0.5% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose by gavage. Blood samples were collected from the abdominal aorta after administration on the morning of the third day to prepare serum samples. Chromatographic separation was performed on a Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH Shield RP C18 column (2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.7μm). The mobile phase composed of acetonitrile (A) and water containing 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution (B) was used for gradient elution. Positive and negative ion detection modes were adopted in mass spectrometry. Data was collected via full scan and automatic trigger secondary mass spectrometry (Full MS/dd MS2) . The scan ranged from m/z 100 to 1 500. By comparing the information about the accurate relative molecular mass and secondary fragment ion of the compound with the retention time of the reference substance, OTCML mass spectrometry database and related literature, the main chemical components of the decoration were identified. Results A total of 71 chemical constituents were identified from Buxin Anmian decoction, including 22 flavonoids, 19 triterpenses, 7 fatty acids, 5 phenylpropanoids, and 18 other compounds. Twenty-one prototype constituents were detected in the plasma. Conclusion Rapid multicomponent characterization and identification of Buxin Anmian decoction in vitro and in vivo have been completed in this study, providing data for exploration of effective substances and quality control. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Dose Analysis of Linezolid in Severe Patients with Sepsis Complicated with Acute Kidney Injury SUN Ya, WANG Xu, SUN Zhi, ZHOU Yubing 2025, 22(8): 889-895.  DOI: 10.19803/j.1672-8629.20240822 Abstract ( 3 )   PDF (1517KB) ( 7 )   Objective To analyze the dosage of linezolid in severe patients with sepsis and acute kidney injury, optimize treatment plans, and to provide a reference for clinical medications. Methods Twenty-three patients with sepsis complicated with acute kidney injury who were treated with linezolid in the intensive care unit (ICU) of a hospital between May 1, 2022 and August 31, 2023 were selected. The test results of serum drug concentrations of these patients after intravenous administration were retrospectively analyzed while the pharmacokinetic parameters of linezolid were calculated. Monte Carlo simulation was used to calculate the probability target attainment (PTA) and cumulative fraction of response (CFR) of the current administration regimen (600 mg, q12h) against different gram-positive (G+) bacteria [Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus epidermidis, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium]. The efficacy of the administration regimen was evaluated in terms of bacterial clearance. Results Among patients with sepsis complicated with acute kidney injury, the administration regimen was linzolid (600 mg, q12h). At the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 2 mg·L-1 or less, this regimen could deliver satisfactory antibacterial effect (PTA=100%) against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium and Streptococcus pneumoniae. The CFR was 95.42%, 92.03%, 93.15%, 91.45% and 98.81%, respectively. However, the antibacterial effect against MRSA was undesirable in that the PTA was less than 90%) and the CFR was no more than 49.45%. The steady-state minimum plasma concentration ( ) of linezolid was negatively correlated with platelet counts at 7 d after covariate medication. Conclusion During the intravenous treatment of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium and Streptococcus pneumoniae in patients with sepsis and acute kidney injury, the regimen of 600 mg, q12h can produce good antibacterial effect when the MIC is less than 2 mg·L-1. The dose can be appropriately reduced or the interval extended for such patients. However, the antibacterial effect of linezolid against MRSA is not so good, so the dose can be increased accordingly. The risk of thrombocytopenia increases after 7 days of medication with linezolid 600 mg, q12h. The dosage can be adjusted according to the serum drug concentration to ensure the antibacterial effect. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Sugammadex on Recovery of Patients after Laparoscopic Total Pelvic Floor Reconstruction LI Mingying, ZHANG Xiaoxia, SUN Xiaoli, ZHAO Yan, HE Miao, LI Yanling, DUAN Wei, YANG Ou 2025, 22(8): 896-901.  DOI: 10.19803/j.1672-8629.20250342 Abstract ( 3 )   PDF (1375KB) ( 6 )   Objective To evaluate the role of sugammadex in neuromuscular blockade (NMB) recovery and safety in patients undergoing laparoscopic total pelvic floor reconstruction (LTPFR) surgery. Methods A single-center retrospective cohort study was conducted. One hundred and one patients undergoing LTPFR were enrolled and divided into three groups based on their postoperative antagonism of NMB, including the sugammadex group (S-group, n=20), neostigmine group (N-group, n=33), and no-antagonism group (C-group, n=48). The primary outcome was the time to extubation, and the secondary outcomes included the length of stay at the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) and the incidence of adverse events during recovery from general anesthesia. Such statistical methods as one-way ANOVA, χ² test, or Fisher’s exact test were used to make a comparison between the groups with the significance level set at α=0.05. Results The time to extubation in S-group was significantly shorter than that of N-group and C-group [(3.1±1.5) min vs (6.9±2.3) min and (5.7±1.2) min, P<0.001)]. The stay at the PACU in S-group was significantly shorter than that of N-group [(29.8±10.1) min vs (36.7±9.5) min, P<0.017]. The incidence of adverse events during recovery in S-group was significantly lower than that of N-group (15% vs 48.5%,P<0.001). The adverse events primarily manifested as nausea and cardiovascular events such as hypertension and tachycardia in N-group. Conclusion Sugammadex can rapidly reverse rocuronium-induced NMB, significantly shorten the time to extubation and PACU stay in patients undergoing LTPFR, and reduce the incidence of adverse events during recovery. Its clinical applications conform to the principles of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS). References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Database and Evaluation Methods for Chinese Herb-Drug Interactions SHEN Chen, ZHOU Xian, LIU Jianping 2025, 22(8): 902-908.  DOI: 10.19803/j.1672-8629.20240182 Abstract ( 3 )   PDF (1312KB) ( 6 )   Objective To outline the commonly used databases and evaluation methods for Herb-Drug Interactions (HDIs) and explore ways to evaluate Chinese Herbal-Drug Interactions (CHDIs). Methods CNKI and PubMed were searched for related literature published from inception to March 19, 2024. The HDI database, causal inference, evidence grading and quality assessment, as well as methods for evaluation of clinical relevance were summarized. Results Clinical decision support (CDS) systems required all-round assessment of the quality grading of evidence, clinical relevance, risk factors and adverse reactions. The DIPS scale could be used to evaluate the causality between HDIs and adverse events, but there was no specific method for evaluating the quality of evidence and clinical relevance of HDIs. Conclusion The methods for evaluating the quality of drug interactions and the evaluation system for evidence of Chinese herbal medicine need to be consulted to establish an evidence evaluation system and CDS tool for CHDIs. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Pathogen Distribution, Drug Resistance and Drug Use in Neonates with Necrotizing Enterocolitis Complicated with Sepsis ZHAO Jie, GAO Minge, CHANG Hong, FAN Huixia 2025, 22(8): 909-913.  DOI: 10.19803/j.1672-8629.20240488 Abstract ( 3 )   PDF (1289KB) ( 7 )   Objective To explore the distribution of pathogenic bacteria, drug resistance and drug use in cases of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) with sepsis. Methods The clinical data of neonates diagnosed with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) complicated with sepsis in our hospital between 2019 and 2023 was collected to conduct a retrospective study of their clinical characteristics, distribution of pathogenic bacteria and use of antimicrobial drugs. Results A total of 155 clinical cases were included, High-risk factors for necrotizing enterocolitis and sepsis included intrauterine distress, pulmonary infection, respiratory failure, septic shock, and generalized peritonitis. In the study group (n=39), 14 strains (28.57%) of Enterococcus faecium were identified as pathogenic, exhibiting 100% resistance to penicillin and macrolides. Klebsiella pneumoniae showed the highest resistance to piperacillin (87.76%) and meropenem (14.29%). In the control group (n=116), the most common pathogen was Escherichia coli (21 strains, 33.33%), which exhibited the highest resistance to ampicillin (89.0%). In the study group, the resistance rates of Klebsiella pneumoniae to gentamicin, cefotaxime, cefepime, tranexamic acid, and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). Among the 39 cases of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis complicated with sepsis in the study group, the most frequently used antibiotics were meropenem (27 cases, 69.23%), cefoperazone-sulbactam (24 cases, 61.54%), and vancomycin (15 cases, 38.46%). Conclusion The pathogenic bacteria among children with NEC combined with sepsis are mostly enterococci and Enterobacteriaceae bacteria, and the anti-infective treatment regimens in our hospital are generally well-grounded. The resistance rate to meropenem should be taken into account clinically. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Adjuvant Treatment of Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease with Qingqi Huatan Pills: a Systematic Review SHI Qi, WANG Jianxin, WANG Guijie, LU Yueyang, ZHU Jiaxu, GAO Rui 2025, 22(8): 914-919.  DOI: 10.19803/j.1672-8629.20240919 Abstract ( 4 )   PDF (1652KB) ( 6 )   Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Qingqi Huatan pills in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). Methods Such databases as SinoMed, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang Data and VIP were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on Qingqi Huatan pills used in the treatment of AECOPD that were published from the inception to September 26, 2024. The quality of the literature included was evaluated using the Cochrane Collaboration’s Risk of Bias 2.0(ROB 2.0) before Revman5.4.1 and Stata18.0 software were used for statistical analysis of the data. Results Eight trials involving 632 patients were included. ROB 2.0 results showed that four of these studies reported low risk, and the rest expressed concerns.The results of Meta-analysis showed that the clinical efficacy in the experimental group [RR=1.28,95%CI(1.18,1.39), P<0.000 01], FEV1%[MD=7.29, 95%CI(5.68, 8.90), P<0.000 01], FEV1/FVC[MD=6.10, 95%CI(4.81,7.38), P<0.000 01], PaO2[MD=7.29, 95%CI(5.68, 8.90), P<0.000 01] was significantly higher than in the control group. The TCM syndrome scores of the experimental group [MD=-5.79, 95%CI(-6.39, -5.18), P<0.000 01], PaCO2[MD=-5.54, 95%CI(-6.39, -4.69), P<0.000 01] were lower than those of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant. In terms of safety, five studies reported adverse events, but there was no significant difference between the experimental group and the control group [RR=0.61, 95%CI(0.26, 1.44), P=0.26]. Conclusion Qingqi Huatan pills as an adjuvant therapy for AECOPD patients can improve the wheezing symptom, pulmonary function and arterial blood gas parameters. They are safe clinically. However, this conclusion needs to be verified by more high-quality randomized controlled trials given the limitations related to the quantity and quality of the included studies. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical Applications of Jinhua Qinggan Granules in the Treatment of Mild Influenza: a Meta-Analysis YING Jie, XU Xiaolong, LI Bo, LIU Tengwen, LIU Qingquan 2025, 22(8): 920-923.  DOI: 10.19803/j.1672-8629.20240986 Abstract ( 4 )   PDF (1778KB) ( 6 )   Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of Jinhua Qinggan granules in the treatment of mild influenza. Methods Such databases as PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CNKI, VIP and Wanfang were searched for related literature that was collected from the inception to August 30, 2024. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about Jinhua Qinggan granules used for mild influenza were included following Cochrane systematic review guidelines. Meta-analysis was performed using Stata 16.0. Results A total of 1 085 patients were included. For the low-dose Jinhua Qinggan granules (5 g/dose), the efficacy of syndrome-based treatment with TCM was 9.23% higher than that of the placebo [95%CI (5.30, 13.15)] after three days of treatment despite potential publication bias. The fever resolution rate of three days of treatment with low-dose Jinhua Qinggan granules was 7.31% higher than that of placebo [95%CI (3.04, 11.59)], with no publication bias detected by Begg's test. After five days of treatment, there was no significant difference in improvement of TCM syndromes compared to the placebo, but the fever resolution rate was 1.92% higher (95%CI [-2.74, 6.58]), with no publication bias observed by Begg's test. High-dose Jinhua Qinggan granules (10 g/dose) showed no advantage in improving TCM syndromes or the fever resolution rate compared to the control groups. Conclusion Jinhua Qinggan granules prove to be effective for mildinfluenza by alleviating TCM clinical symptoms and accelerating fever resolution. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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433 Cases of Adverse Drug Reactions Induced by Calcium Dobesilate Capsules KE Xiuqin, HAI Xuewu 2025, 22(8): 924-927.  DOI: 10.19803/j.1672-8629.20240560 Abstract ( 4 )   PDF (1273KB) ( 7 )   Objective To analyze the adverse drug reactions (ADR) caused by calcium dobesilate capsules in order to provide data for monitoring adverse reactions and rational drug use. Methods Four hundred and thirty-three reports of ADR involving calcium dobesilate capsules collected by Ningxia Adverse Drug Reaction database from June 1, 2009 to June 30, 2024 were retrospectively analyzed according to the patients’ conditions, correlation evaluation and outcomes of ADR, systems-organs involved and clinical manifestations. Results There were slightly more women than men involved in 433 ADR reports, and the vast majority were aged 41 to 80 (88.69%). Among these cases, 419 (96.77%) recovered or improved. The main systems-organs involved were the gastrointestinal system (46.54%), skin and subcutaneous tissues (16.19%), systemic diseases and various reactions at the sites of administration (12.65%) and the nervous system (10.29%). The dominating clinical manifestations were nausea, diarrhea, fever and rash. The main systems-organs involved in severe adverse reactions were the skin and subcutaneous tissues (33.85%), systemic diseases and various reactions at the sites of administration (29.23%) and the gastrointestinal system (10.77%). The main clinical manifestations of these severe adverse reactions were fever, rash, itching and abnormal liver function. Conclusion In addition to common gastrointestinal symptoms, fever caused by calcium dobesilate capsules may be a severe adverse reaction that is likely overlooked, accounting for approximately 35.14% of severe ADR reported. Additionally, severe cutaneous reactions, including severe drug eruptions, wheal skin lesions, and urticaria have been occasionally reported. It is recommended that special attention be paid to patients who experience fever and severe drug eruptions caused by calcium dobesilate capsules. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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172 Cases of Adverse Drug Reactions Induced by Antineoplastic Drugs LIANG Jie 2025, 22(8): 928-932.  DOI: 10.19803/j.1672-8629.20240497 Abstract ( 5 )   PDF (1332KB) ( 8 )   Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics and patterns of adverse drug reactions (ADR) induced by antineoplastic drugs in our hospital in order to provide a reference for the safe and rational use of antineoplastic drugs. Methods ADR reports related to antineoplastic drugs and submitted by our hospital to the active monitoring and reporting system of the National Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring Center between 2019 and 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Results A total of 172 ADR reports of antineoplastic drugs were retrieved, and the percentage of males and females involved in these reports was 51.16% and 48.84% respectively. Patients aged 60 or older accounted for 54.65%. Among the primary diseases mentioned in the reports, malignant tumors of the lung and stomach were dominating, with 21 cases（12.21%）each. The most common route of administration mentioned in these ADR reports was intravenous infusion (62.79%) while the most common antineoplastic drugs found in these ADR reports were small molecule targeted drugs (31.98%). The prevalent ADR of antineoplastic drugs included blood system damage (24.45%), systemic damage (17.47%) , hepatobiliary system damage (16.59%), bone marrow suppression, abnormal liver function, and chills/shivering are common clinical manifestations. Among new antineoplastic drugs, the top three ones responsible were rituximab in 21 cases (19.63%), sintilimab in 15 cases (14.02%), and bevacizumab and camrelizumab in 8 cases (7.48%). There were 95 cases of common ADR and 77 cases of severe ADR, with the majority of patients improved. Conclusion Appropriate anti-tumor treatment regimens should be provided based on the characteristics of patients. Related ADR should be monitored to ensure medication safety. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of Adverse Drug Event Induced by Omacycline and Moxifloxacin Based on FAERS Databse LIU Jiang, CHEN Jie, QIU Sihong, LI Na, ZHOU Ying, CHEN Yonggang, LUO Ji 2025, 22(8): 933-936.  DOI: 10.19803/j.1672-8629.20240596 Abstract ( 3 )   PDF (1370KB) ( 6 )   Objective To provide a reference for clinically safe use of omacycline and moxifloxacin in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia. Methods Adverse Drug Event (ADE) reports concerning omadacycline and moxifloxacin and collected between the first quarter of 2004 and the first quarter of 2024 were retrieved from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database. The Reporting Odds Ratio (ROR) method and the comprehensive criteria of the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) in the UK were employed to mine and analyze ADE signals for both drugs. Results A total of 527 ADE reports about omadacycline and 16 614 ones about moxifloxacin were collected. Males outnumbered females in both groups. After signal screening, 45 ADE signals were identified for omadacycline and 607 for moxifloxacin. The three most frequent ADE signals for omadacycline were nausea (108 cases), vomiting (61 cases), and diarrhea (37 cases), all of which were specified in package inserts. For moxifloxacin, the three most frequent ADE signals were rash (1 198 cases), dizziness (1 157 cases), and hypersensitivity reactions (945 cases), among which dizziness was not documented in its package insert. When ranked by signal strength, infusion site phlebitis for omadacycline (with an ROR value of 635.83) and irideremia that tested positive for moxifloxacin (with an ROR value of 3 478.69) topped the list. The ADE signal was specified in the package insert of omadacycline, but not for moxifloxacin. Conclusion The ADEs of omadacycline usually involve various injuries, poisoning, procedural complications, and gastrointestinal system diseases while those of moxifloxacin are primarily related to neurological diseases, systemic diseases, and various reactions at the site of administration, with a relatively high number of signals of new suspicious high risks. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Pharmaceutical Care of a Case of Diabetic Foot Infection Caused by Proteus penneri ZHAO Mudan, ZHU Minghui, ZHANG Huan, ZHAO Yuanyang, QIN Jing 2025, 22(8): 937-940.  DOI: 10.19803/j.1672-8629.20240682 Abstract ( 3 )   PDF (1223KB) ( 6 )   Objective To explore the role of clinical pharmacists in the formulation of an anti infective program for diabetic foot infection and in the adjustment of the program in the process of diagnosis and treatment, and the importance of pharmaceutical care. Methods Four clinical pharmacists participated in the anti infection treatment of a patient with diabetic foot infection and diabetic nephropathy caused by Proteus penneri. The pharmacists found that Proteus penneri was naturally resistant to tegacycline by inquiring about the patient’s medical history and consulting clinical guidelines before they shifted to cefoperazone sodium and sulbactam sodium according to the drug sensitivity. The pharmacists also assisted the clinicians in providing individualized drug delivery programs and pharmaceutical care for patients. Results The clinical pharmacists adjusted the anti infection scheme of the diabetic foot quickly, the infection index of the patient returned to normal, new granulation tissue was gradually formed at the infection site, the therapeutic effect was pronounced, and the patient was discharged. Conclusion The participation of clinical pharmacists in anti infection treatment of and pharmaceutical care for a patient with diabetic foot infection and diabetic nephropathy caused by Proteus penneri can help to reduce adverse reactions, optimize the effects of medications, and rationalize clinical drug use. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Two Cases of Severe Thrombocytopenia Caused by Cefoperazone Sulbactam Sodium ZHOU Yujie, HUANG Xiaojing, CHEN Mingyue, DU Pengqiang, WANG Aifeng 2025, 22(8): 941-943.  DOI: 10.19803/j.1672-8629.20240816 Abstract ( 6 )   PDF (1282KB) ( 15 )   Objective To explore the clinical characteristics of and risk factors for severe thrombocytopenia caused by cefoperazone sulbactam sodium so as to provide a reference for safe and rational use of drugs. Methods The clinical data of two patients who developed thrombocytopenia after taking cefoperazone sulbactam sodium was analyzed while the mechanism, association and risk factors for thrombocytopenia caused by this drug were explored based on related literature. Results Correlation analysis showed that severe thrombocytopenia was associated with cefoperazone sulbactam sodium in these two patients. The drug was discontinued and the two patients had their symptoms improved after blood transfusion until they were discharged after clinical observation. Conclusion Despite the low incidence of severe thrombocytopenia induced by cefoperazone sulbactam sodium, the consequent adverse reactions can be severe. Clinicians should be alert to the risk factors to ensure early identification and interventions to improve the prognosis of patients. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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One Case of Acute Withdrawal Syndrome Caused by Naloxone CHEN Huabao, LIU Wei, JIANG Ting, ZHENG Lingli, LI Jing 2025, 22(8): 944-946.  DOI: 10.19803/j.1672-8629.20240817 Abstract ( 4 )   PDF (532KB) ( 7 )   Objective To investigate the clinical manifestations and mechanisms of naloxone-induced acute withdrawal syndrome during the treatment of acute opioid overdose. Methods The clinical data of a non-small cell lung cancer patient was analyzed, who had experienced acute withdrawal syndrome after receiving a standard naloxone dose for morphine slow-release tablet overdose. Related literature on clinical symptoms, mechanisms, and treatment strategies was reviewed. Results The patient was treated symptomatically for acute withdrawal syndrome and gradually stabilized after adjustment of the naloxone dose and administration method. Conclusion Opioid overdose management requires a personalized approach to naloxone dosing and administration, and the risk of acute withdrawal syndrome should be taken into consideration to ensure the safety of patients. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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One Case of Multiple Endocrine Adverse Effect Caused by Sintilimab YANG Xin, YANG Baochun, YANG Yang, SHAO Huan 2025, 22(8): 947-949.  DOI: 10.19803/j.1672-8629.20240869 Abstract ( 5 )   PDF (1163KB) ( 8 )   Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and management of endocrine dysfunction induced by sintilimab. Methods One case of gastric cancer who developed isolated adrenocorticotropic hormone deficiency and primary hypothyroidism after sintilimab treatment was reported while related literature was reviewed. Results The endocrine adverse reactions were strongly associated with sintilimab based on clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, and temporal relationship. After discontinuation of sintilimab and initiation of prednisone and levothyroxine replacement therapy, the patient’s symptoms were resolved completely, allowing for immunotherapy resumption. Conclusion Patients receiving sintilimab should be monitored for endocrine adverse reactions (e.g., hyponatremia and fatigue), in case of which lifelong hormone replacement is required. Baseline assessment and regular endocrine function monitoring are crucial to early detection and prevention of serious outcomes. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress in Pharmacological Actions, Mechanisms, Structural Modifications and Targeted Formulations of Ribavirin XIE Rui, GENG Zihan, BAO Lei, ZHAO Ronghua, LI Shuran, SUN Qiyue, WANG Xinwei, ZHANG Jingsheng, CUI Xiaolan, GUO Shanshan, SUN Jing 2025, 22(8): 950-955.  DOI: 10.19803/j.1672-8629.20250199 Abstract ( 4 )   PDF (1289KB) ( 8 )   Objective To explore the pharmacological actions, mechanisms, structural modifications and targeted formulations of ribavirin (RBV) in order to provide references for the pharmacological research and clinical applications of RBV. Methods Related literature on RBV that was published as of May 2, 2025 was retrieved from such databases as China National Knowledge Infrastructure, National Science and Technology Library of China, and PubMed before the pharmacological actions, mechanisms, structural modifications and targeted drug delivery systems of RBV were summarized. Results The pharmacological effects of RBV were mostly antiviral and antitumor. Most of the structural modifications of RBV involved glycosyl modifications and base modifications. The research and development of nanosized formulations among the targeted formulations of RBV were intensified. The drug delivery systems of RBV based on nanoparticles could significantly reduce the dosage administered and enhance the drug’s targetability. The vesicles and liposomes of RBV exhibited distinct targeting properties and effectively reduced the incidence of adverse reactions. In addition, RBV could be innovatively conjugated with hemoglobin and bile acids. The conjugates not only possessed targeting properties, but also could reduce toxicity or side effects. Besides the conjugation strategy, RBV could also combine with polyanionic macromolecules to form complexes with more pronounced antiviral effects. Conclusion Thanks to precise targeted delivery, RBV can act more effectively on lesion sites, reduce the drug dosage, and thereby lower the incidence of adverse reactions. Innovative drug delivery systems and combination strategies that enhance therapeutic efficacy while reducing adverse effects promise wide applications of RBV. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Different Functions of Autophagy in Diseased Livers WANG Yinghe, LI Mingqi, ZHAO Xiaolu, MA Yuehong 2025, 22(8): 956-960.  DOI: 10.19803/j.1672-8629.20240725 Abstract ( 3 )   PDF (1275KB) ( 6 )   Objective To investigate the different roles of autophagy in lesioned livers and provide references for the study of liver lesions. Methods By reviewing a large amount of related literature published at home and abroad, the different roles of autophagy in lesioned livers were summarized, involving liver injury, liver fibrosis and liver cancer. Results During the development of hepatitis, moderate autophagy could maintain the dynamics of normal tissues of the liver by reducing hepatocyte pyroptosis and lipid droplet aggregation. Autophagy was found to exert a bidirectional regulatory effect in viral hepatitis. In liver fibrosis, autophagy could inhibit or promote the development of fibrosis through different mechanisms of action. However, autophagy played different roles in different stages of liver cancer. Conclusion In diseased livers, autophagy is involved in the occurrence and development of a variety of diseases so that studies on autophagy are of great significance for the study of liver diseases. References | Related Articles | Metrics