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15 May 2025, Volume 22 Issue 5 Previous Issue   

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Research Progress in Antiviral Targets and Active Ingredients of Traditional Chinese Medicine CUI Mengyao, LI Shuran, XIE Dan, YANG Xiaowei, LIU Xian, CUI Xiaolan, GENG Zihan, GUO Shanshan 2025, 22(5): 481-487.  DOI: 10.19803/j.1672-8629.20250099 Abstract ( 88 )   PDF (1366KB) ( 91 )   Objective To elucidate the mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) that are characterized by multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway interactions, and identify bioactive components with antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties in order to provide references for developing efficient and low-toxicity TCM formulations. Methods Modern techniques, including network pharmacology, molecular docking, high-throughput drug screening, integrative pharmacology, and structural biology, were reviewed to explore their applications in antiviral research on TCM. The binding capacity of TCM components to viral proteins and host targets, potential active ingredients in TCM formulations, and molecular pathways regulated by targets were summarized. Results TCM compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides, polysaccharides, and organic acids exhibited antiviral effects by directly targeting viral invasion/replication-related proteins or modulating host targets involved in immune responses and inflammatory pathways. Conclusion TCM can not only directly inhibit viral proliferation and kill viruses, but also suppress excessive immune reactions post-infection. Additionally, it enhances immunity through immunoregulation, offering indirect antiviral benefits. References | Supplementary Material | Related Articles | Metrics

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Mechanisms of Sanhan Huashi Granules on a Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Influenza Virus and Respiratory Syncytial Virus Induced Pneumonia Model in Mice ZHAO Ronghua, ZHU Chunxu, SUN Jing, BAO Lei, WANG Xinwei, GENG Zihan, ZHANG Jingsheng, GUO Shanshan, LI Shuran, WANG Daohan, CUI Xiaolan 2025, 22(5): 488-494.  DOI: 10.19803/j.1672-8629.20250031 Abstract ( 55 )   PDF (1870KB) ( 79 )   Objective To study the therapeutic mechanism of Sanhan Huashi granules (SHG) on a pneumonia model induced by influenza A (H1N1) virus and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in mice. Methods The mice were infected with the FM1 strain of influenza A (H1N1) virus and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) by nasal drip to construct a mouse model of viral pneumonia. Both influenza A (H1N1) virus group and the RSV group were divided into normal group, model group, Lianhua Qingwen group(LHG), SHG groups with high-dose(52.8 g·kg-1·d-1), medium-dose(26.4 g·kg-1·d-1), and low-dose (13.2 g·kg-1·d-1). And oseltamivir group was served as the control group in the influenza A (H1N1) virus group, ribavirin group was served as the control group in the RSV group. After modelling and intragastric administration, the lung tissues of the mice were taken to accurately calculate the lung index and its inhibition rate. For mice infected with the FM1 strain of influenza A (H1N1) virus, hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was performed on the bronchioles and lung tissues. The pathological changes were observed under a microscope, and the grades were scored by the established standards. At the same time, the levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-33 ( IL-33 ) in lung tissues of mice infected with RSV were detected. Results A medium dose of SHG could significantly reduce the lung index of mice in the H1N1/FM1 model group (P <0.05), improve the pathological changes of bronchioles and lung tissues, and reduce the grade of lung and bronchial lesions while a high dose of SHG could significantly reduce the lung index of RSV-infected mice (P<0.05). The three doses of SHG could significantly increase the content of IL-4 but reduce the content of IL-33 in RSV-infected mice. The contents of IL-4 in the model group, the low-dose group, the medium-dose group and the high-dose group were（50.20±2.22）,（61.63±1.34）,（71.46±2.39）and（56.74±1.24）pg·mL-1 respectively, compared with(1 787.37±60.59), (1 273.10±378.04), (1 532.38±337.96) and(1 347.33±345.39)pg·mL-1 for IL-33, all of which were significantly different from those of the control group (P<0.01, P<0.05). Conclusion SHG can mitigate the severity of pathological changes of bronchioles and lung tissues of mice, significantly reduce the grade of lung and bronchial lesions, significantly lower the lung index of viral pneumonia in model mice, and increase the content of IL-4 in the lungs of mice while decreasing the content of IL-33. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Therapeutic Effect of Shufeng Jiedu Capsules against Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Infected Pneumonia by Regulating AIM2 Inflammasome Pathway BAO Lei, GENG Zihan, CUI Xiaolan 2025, 22(5): 495-500.  DOI: 10.19803/j.1672-8629.20250043 Abstract ( 33 )   PDF (1975KB) ( 73 )   Objective To study the possible mechanism and pathway of action through which Shufeng Jiedu capsules combat respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Methods Sixty BALB/c mice were randomly divided into the normal control group, model control group, ribavirin positive control group, and high, medium and low dose groups of Shufeng Jiedu capsules, with 10 mice in each. All these groups were infected with RSV by nasal drops to establish pneumonia models except the normal control group. Four hours after infection, the drug was administered for four consecutive days, once a day by gavage. On the fifth day of the experiment, the mice were killed, the lung index was calculated, and lung tissues were taken for RT-PCR to detect the mRNA expressions of such genes as absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2), apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC), cysteine-aspartic protease 1 (Caspase-1), interleukin 18 (IL-18), and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β). The expression levels of corresponding proteins were analyzed by Western Blot. Results Compared with the normal control group, the lung indexes of mice in the model control group were significantly increased (P<0.01), suggesting that RSV infection caused severe lung inflammation. Compared with the model control group, the lung indexes in all the other groups of Shufeng Jiedu capsules were significantly reduced, especially in the medium and high dose groups (P<0.01). Results of RT-PCR and Western Blot showed that the expressions of AIM2, ASC, pro-caspase-1, cleaved-caspase-1, pro-IL-18, cleaved-IL-18, pro-IL-1β and cleaved-IL-1β (P<0.05, P<0.01) were significantly reduced in the high dose group. Conclusion Shufeng Jiedu capsules can significantly inhibit lung inflammation caused by RSV infection and mitigate the damage to lung tissues by regulating the AIM2 inflammasome pathway. References | Supplementary Material | Related Articles | Metrics

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Potential Targets and Components of Jinhua Qinggan Granules against Respiratory Viral Infections LIU Xian, ZHANG Yu, BAI Yinglu, CUI Mengyao, YANG Xiaowei, XIE Dan, GENG Zihan, SUN Jing, LI Shuran, BAO Lei, ZHAO Ronghua, XU Xiaolong, GUO Shanshan 2025, 22(5): 501-506.  DOI: 10.19803/j.1672-8629.20250086 Abstract ( 47 )   PDF (2583KB) ( 68 )   Objective To identify the bioactive components in Jinhua Qinggan granules (JHQGs) that interact with the PACT protein in order to provide references for the development of antiviral drugs. Methods High-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) was employed to detect the blood components of JHQGs. A CM5 chip blank control group and JHQG group were set up. The PACT protein was immobilized on the CM5 chip, and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technology was used for the fishing and recovery of JHQGs with the PACT protein chip. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) was used to identify the components in the recovered samples and detect the bioactive components in JHQGs that could specifically bind to the PACT protein. Molecular docking was performed on the identified components to evaluate binding energies. Results A total of 14 bioactive components were identified out of JHQGs. In the positive ion mode, six active components were identified, namely glycyrrhetinic acid, puerarin, baicalein, formononetin, vitexin, and 6-O-methylwogonoside. In the negative ion mode, eight active components were identified, namely artemetin, 3α-hydroxyglycyrrhetinic acid, baicalin, genistein, (-)-MenthylO-Beta-D-Glucoside, catechin, paeoniflorin, and licoflavone A. Among them, the four components with stronger binding affinity to the PACT protein were baicalin, glycyrrhetinic acid, paeoniflorin, and licoflavone A, with binding affinities of -7.1, -6.9, -6.6, and -6.5, respectively. Conclusion For the first time, the PACT protein chip combined with UPLC-Q-TOF-MS has been effectively used to identify the ligand compounds in JHQGs that bind to PACT protein, suggesting that the PACT protein could serve as a potential target for the anti-respiratory viral activity of JHQGs. References | Supplementary Material | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical Medications and Safety Analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Post-Infection Cough XIE Ziyue, WANG Chengxiang, HU Yanpeng, LI Lei, CUI Herong 2025, 22(5): 507-512.  DOI: 10.19803/j.1672-8629.20250025 Abstract ( 65 )   PDF (1413KB) ( 77 )   Objective To analyze the prescription patterns and safety of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in treating post-infection cough (PIC). Methods The clinical data of PIC cases treated in the Respiratory Department of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital between October 12, 2022 and May 22, 2024 was retrieved and screened. Frequency statistics, association rules, and complex network analyses were performed using the Ancient and Modern Medical Case Cloud Platform (V2.3.7) to investigate medication patterns, involving frequency, dosage, medicinal properties, herbal pair compatibility, and core prescriptions. The safety of these medications was evaluated via literature review. Results A total of 227 PIC patients were included, involving 365 medical records, 365 prescriptions, 146 herbs, and the total number of times herbal drugs were used was 5 915. Frequently-used herbs included Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma), Kuxingren (Armeniacae Semen Amarum), and Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma. Medicinal properties were predominantly warm, neutral and cold, flavors were bitter, pungent, and sweet, and meridian tropisms focused on the lung, spleen, and stomach. Association rules identified 13 frequently-used herbal pairs-Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma)-WuweiZi (Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus) (co-occurrence count: 254) and Banxia-Kuxingren (249). The core prescription for PIC comprised 14 herbs: Banxia, Ganjiang, Kuxingren, Ziwan (Asteris Radix), Baibu (Stemonae Radix), Gancao, Baiqian (Cynanchi Stauntonii Rhizoma), Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix), Jiegeng (Platycodonis Radix), Yiyiren (Coicis Semen), Fuling (Poria), WuweiZi, Tinglizi (Descurainiae Semen), and Chantui (Cicadae Periostracum). Prescription dosages primarily ranged from 100 to 299 g (94.79%), with 15 to 19 herbs per prescription (76.16%). Safety evaluation indicated a low incidence of adverse reactions. Conclusion TCM treatments for PIC focus on resolving phlegm and suppressing cough while integrating strategies of dispersing, descending, astringing, draining, clearing, and tonifying. Its safety profile is favorable, and precise dosage control is critical to minimizing risks. References | Supplementary Material | Related Articles | Metrics

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TCM Medications for Pulmonary Nodules Based on Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance Assistance System LIU Lianlian, YU Huiyong, WANG Mingzhe, GUO Shanshan, LI Lei, GAO Yue, WEI Shixiang, KE Yinze, WANG Chengxiang 2025, 22(5): 513-516.  DOI: 10.19803/j.1672-8629.20241040 Abstract ( 62 )   PDF (1247KB) ( 84 )   Objective To conduct data mining analysis of prescriptions for outpatients with pulmonary nodules using the Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance Assistance System (V2.5) in order to find out more about what medications are likely used. Methods Clinically effective TCM prescriptions for the treatment of pulmonary nodules were collected and screened before being input into the system for statistical analysis of the frequency of medications, properties of traditional Chinese medicines, and commonly-used compound formulas. Results A total of 609 effective traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions were screened out, and 31 types of TCMs were used more than 100 times. The analysis of properties of traditional Chinese medicines showed that the clinic mostly used cold and bitter medicines in the prescriptions, and most of the drugs targeted the lung and spleen meridians. The analysis of medications suggested that the core prescription proved to be Erchen decoction. The analysis of association rules showed that Bulb of Thunberg Fritillary and Pinellia Ternata were dominating in the prescriptions. The analysis of new compound formulas showed that there were five new combinations. Conclusion The pathogenesis of pulmonary nodules is usually attributed to the imbalanced middle energizer and to the combination of positiveness, deficiency, and phlegmatic toxin. It is recommended that pulmonary nodules be treated by regulating the spleen and stomach, strengthening qi and clearing phlegmatic toxin. References | Supplementary Material | Related Articles | Metrics

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Dynamic Immunophenotyping of NK Cells in Triptolide-Induced Hepatotoxicity CHEN Runji, SUN Xiaorui, HUANG Xin, JIANG Zhenzhou, ZHANG Luyong, WANG Xinzhi, DING Jian 2025, 22(5): 517-522.  DOI: 10.19803/j.1672-8629.20250036 Abstract ( 39 )   PDF (3891KB) ( 67 )   Objective To explore the dynamic changes and roles of natural killer (NK) cells in the process of triptolide (TP)-induced liver injury. Methods Female C57BL/6 mice were divided into the control group, the 1, 3, 5, and 7 days of TP administration (600 μg·kg-1) groups, and groups treated with anti-NK1.1 antibody combined with TP for 1, 3, 5, and 7 days. At different time points, the blood of mice was collected and non-parenchymal cells in the liver were isolated for flow cytometry analysis of the temporal changes in NK cells, CD4⁺/CD8⁺ T cell subsets and cytokines (IFN-γ and IL-4). Results After TP treatment, the proportion of liver NK cells significantly increased at day 1 (P<0.05), while CD69⁺ NK cells kept increasing from day 3 to 7(P<0.05). NK cell depletion significantly reduced serum ALT levels (P<0.05) and inhibited IFN-γ production (P<0.05), shifting NK cell-derived cytokines toward a Th2 bias (reduced IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio, P<0.05). Additionally, TP induced a persistent increase in peripheral blood CD4⁺ T cells (days 1-7, P<0.05) and a selective decrease in CD8⁺ T cells (days 3-5, P<0.05), leading to an imbalanced CD4⁺/CD8⁺ ratio. Conclusion Hepatic NK cells can contribute to TP-induced liver injury. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress in Drug-Related Liver Injury in the Treatment of Autoimmune Diseases SUN Xiaorui, ZHAO Ning, ZHANG Luyong, JIANG Zhenzhou, WANG Xinzhi 2025, 22(5): 523-527.  DOI: 10.19803/j.1672-8629.20250035 Abstract ( 87 )   PDF (1224KB) ( 91 )   Objective To explore the pathogenesis of drug-induced liver injury in the treatment of autoimmune diseases, and to provide references for rational clinical use. Methods CNKI, Wanfang Data, PubMed and other databases were searched for literature on the mechanisms of drug-induced liver injury associated with drugs used in the treatment of autoimmune diseases, including methylprednisolone, methotrexate, infliximab, and adalimumab. The search focused on two categories: traditional drugs, as well as biologics and small molecule inhibitors. Results The mechanisms of liver injury caused by different classes of autoimmune disease drugs varied. However, most of these drugs led to an increase in one or more liver cell enzymes. For some drugs, the underlying mechanism of drug-induced liver injury remained unclear. Conclusion The incidence of drug-induced liver injury associated with drugs used to treat autoimmune diseases is closely linked to the characteristics of the drugs and the individual differences between patients. Clinical follow-up should be ensured, and liver function should be monitored. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress in Liver Injury Caused by Drugs Commonly Used during Pregnancy CAO Weiping, ZHANG Shichao, NI Xia, XIE Bing, WANG Xinzhi, XING Mengtao 2025, 22(5): 528-531.  DOI: 10.19803/j.1672-8629.20250037 Abstract ( 94 )   PDF (1284KB) ( 119 )   Objective To provide an overview of the classification, mechanisms, diagnostic methods, and management of drug-induced liver injury(DILI) during pregnancy in order to ensure pharmacovigilance during pregnancy. Methods Such databases as PubMed, the Cochrane Library, the Web of Science, CNKI and CBM were searched for literature related to DILI during pregnancy. Results The incidence of DILI during pregnancy fluctuated. Liver injury was primarily divided into three types: direct, indirect or specific, with the last type dominating during pregnancy. DILI still relied on the diagnosis of exclusion, usually made only after other causes of hepatitis were ruled out. DILI during pregnancy was handled in the same way as in non-pregnant populations. The commonly used drugs that could cause DILI during pregnancy included antihypertensive drugs, anti-thyroid drugs, antiretroviral and anti-tuberculosis drugs as well as antibiotics. Conclusion Research reports on DILI during pregnancy are lacking. Moreover, most of the literature currently available is case reports. The incidence of this disease varies, diagnosis is difficult, and management is challenging. Pharmacovigilance during pregnancy has to be upgraded to ensure the safety of patients. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress in Adaptive Response of Hepatocytes in Intrinsic Drug-Induced Liver Injury CHEN Qingyu, JIANG Zhenzhou, ZHANG Luyong 2025, 22(5): 532-538.  DOI: 10.19803/j.1672-8629.20250021 Abstract ( 51 )   PDF (1295KB) ( 77 )   Objective To summarize the research progress in the adaptive response of hepatocytes against intrinsic drug-induced liver injury so as to provide a safe medication regimen for drugs with potential hepatotoxicity. Methods By searching databases for related literature published as of January 10, 2025, the mechanism by which adaptive response of hepatocytes helped alleviate intrinsic drug-induced liver injury was studied in terms of drug metabolism, mitochondrial stress response and hepatocyte proliferation. Results Drug-induced liver injury coincided with the activation of adaptive response that was believed to maintain liver homeostasis and mitigate intrinsic drug-induced liver injury by increasing detoxification metabolism, reducing toxic metabolism, promoting mitophagia, enhancing the antioxidant system, promoting hepatocyte proliferation, and regulating functional gene expressions in surviving hepatocytes. Conclusion The mechanism of adaptive response is complex and plays an important role in endogenous protection against intrinsic drug-induced liver injury. The study of adaptive response can provide a clinically safe and rational regimen for potentially hepatotoxic drugs and facilitate the treatment and prevention of intrinsic drug-induced liver injury. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation and Selection of Antitumor Activity of Sixteen Zhuang Toxic Medicinal Materials SONG Zhongxu, HU Jiaojiao, JIN Yan, ZHAO Yuyang, TIAN Hui, YUAN Yuan 2025, 22(5): 539-546.  DOI: 10.19803/j.1672-8629.20240392 Abstract ( 38 )   PDF (1351KB) ( 69 )   Objective To study the anti-tumor activity of 16 toxic herbs of Zhuang medicine in order to provide references for the anti-tumor treatment with Zhuang medicine. Methods Based on the “poison theory” in Zhuang medicine, the tumor inhibitory effects of 16 medicinal materials were analyzed with literature research methods using toxic medicinal materials of Zhuang medicine collected from the national scientific resources investigation project. The results showed that these medicinal materials had inhibitory effects on tumors such as lung cancer, breast cancer, cervical cancer, and gastric cancer. Furthermore, the inhibitory effects and half inhibitory concentration (IC50) of extracts of 16 kinds of toxic medicinal materials of Zhuang medicine on lung cancer A549 cells, breast cancer MCF-7cells, cervical cancer Hela cells and gastric cancer BGC823 cells were analyzed using the CCK-8 method. Results The extracts of RHIZOMA DYSOSMATIS had a significant inhibitory effects on the above four types of tumor cells with IC50 values of 0.928 6, 0.622 6, 0.240 5 and 1.737 mg·L-1, respectively. The inhibitory effects were better than those of the positive control doxorubicin. The extracts of CROTONIS FRUCTUS had some inhibitory effects on the above four types of tumor cells, while the other 14 medicinal herbs had no inhibitory effect. Conclusion This research provide a reference for the development and application of anti-tumor effects of D. versipellis, and also provide a reference for the development of anti-tumor drugs derived from toxic medicinal materials. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Toxicity of Single-Dose and Repeated-Dose Administration of Guisha Zichuan Granules ZHANG Huiting, LI Youlin, LI Lei, YAN Yue, YAO Ting, LI Chunlei, SHI Qi 2025, 22(5): 547-553.  DOI: 10.19803/j.1672-8629.20250062 Abstract ( 29 )   PDF (2552KB) ( 58 )   Objective To investigate the toxicity of Guishaozichuan granules (GSZC) in SD rats following single-dose and 26-week repeated-dose administration in order to provide a reference for clinical safety evaluation and adverse reaction monitoring. Methods Single-dose toxicity study: Rats were randomized into control and GSZC groups. The GSZC group received the maximum feasible dose (0.47 g herbal powder·mL-1, 2 mL·100 g-1, total dose 139.12 g (herbal medicine)·kg-1) via oral gavage twice within 24 h, while controls received an equivalent volume of purified water. Toxicity symptoms, body weight, feed consumption, and histopathology were monitored for 14 days. Repeated-dose toxicity study: Rats were divided into control and GSZC high-, medium-, and low-dose groups (2 mL·100 g-1) that were subjected to 26 weeks of continuous administration followed by a 4-week recovery period. Parameters for detection included clinical observations, body weight, hematological, biochemical, and coagulation parameters, organ coefficients, and histopathology. Results Single-dose study: The maximum tolerated dose exceeded 139.12 g·kg-1 with no significant toxicity. Repeated-dose study: The no-observed-adverse-effect level was 16.3 g·kg-1. Reversible alterations in hematological/biochemical parameters were observed at higher doses, warranting clinical monitoring. Conclusion GSZC may demonstrate no significant toxicities at clinically adopted doses and within the course of treatment in SD rats. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Identification of Chemical Constituents and Determination of Multi-Component Content of Lianpo Drinking Water Decoction Based on LC-MS/MS Technology CHEN Siyuan, ZHANG Yan, FENG Xue, ZHANG Caijuan, WANG Dunfang, LIU Haifan, LIU Bin, ZHU Lin, LIU Jianyao, LI Tao, YANG Weipeng 2025, 22(5): 554-559.  DOI: 10.19803/j.1672-8629.20240971 Abstract ( 31 )   PDF (1504KB) ( 82 )   Objective To identify the chemical constituents of Lianpo decoction, and to establish a method for simultaneous determination of the contents of 11 active substances in the decoction using HPLC-QQQ MS/MS. Methods The ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 column (2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.7 µm) with 0.1% aqueous formic acid (A)-acetonitrile (B) as the mobile phase and under gradient elution was used for the identification and quantification of the chemical components. Results Fifty chemical components were identified from the Lianpo decoction, including 15 organic acids, 10 alkaloids, 6 terpenes and 5 flavonoids. Among them, 11 components such as coptisine, trigonelline and genistein were confirmed through a comparison with reference standards. An HPLC-QQQ MS/MS method was developed for simultaneous quantification of coptisine, trigonelline, genistein, palmatine, berberine, ferulic acid, geniposide, honokiol, magnolol, daidzein, and succinic acid in the decoction. The concentration ranges of the components showed a good linearity (R>0.999), the average spiked recoveries ranged from 90.78% to 115.10%, and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) of the repeatability tests were all less than 4%. Conclusion The study has identified the chemical constituents of Lianpo decoction, and established a method for simultaneous determination of 11 components. This method is sensitive, accurate and rapid, which can help establish more methods for quality control of Lianpo decoction. References | Supplementary Material | Related Articles | Metrics

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Morphology, Chemical Composition and Safety of Three Toxic Traditional Chinese Medicines DI Ruiyi, XU Lu, YANG Jingfan, ZHU Lili, XUE Shujuan, CHEN Suiqing, SUN Xiaoya 2025, 22(5): 560-563.  DOI: 10.19803/j.1672-8629.20241032 Abstract ( 30 )   PDF (1210KB) ( 67 )   Objective To study the micromorphology, chemical components, and safety of three toxic traditional Chinese medicines in order to enhance the safety of their clinical use. Methods Optical microscopy, stereo microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy were adopted to conduct microscopic identification of three toxic traditional Chinese medicines while studies on their chemical composition and safety were reviewed. Results The surface of Pieris japonica leaves had a small amount of unicellular glandular hairs but a large amount of unicellular non-glandular hairs. The stomata were paracytic, and the main vein contained one bicolateral vascular bundle. The active components included terpenoids, flavonoids and phenolic acids. Among these, tetracyclic diterpenoids exhibited significant pharmacological activities. However, they could also have a direct impact on the respiratory system and heart, leading to toxicity. The surface of Saxifraga stolonifera stems had non-glandular hairs and unicellular stalked glandular hairs. The other cells were relatively large except for epidermal cells. The stomata on the petiole were mostly anomocytic and aggregated. The cells located where the stomata were aggregated were smaller than the ones around. The active components included flavonoids, polyphenols, and terpenoids. Among these, flavonoids exerted various pharmacological effects , but might possibly trigger toxic side effects. The leaf edges and stem- surfaces of Mimosa pudica showed sparse non-glandular hairs, with stomata either paracytic or anomocytic. The upper epidermis had fewer stomata than the lower epidermis. The inner and outer seed coat cells were arranged in a grid-like pattern, with the former significantly larger than the latter, and the cell walls were noticeably thickened. The active components were mostly alkaloids, which demonstrated antitumor and antifibrotic effects, but might also have toxic side effects. Conclusion All the three toxic traditional Chinese medicines exhibit distinct microscopic characteristics and are of medicinal value, yet they also have toxic side effects. There is the need for more research on their toxic mechanisms, related pathways and target organs. References | Supplementary Material | Related Articles | Metrics

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Pharmacy of Chinese Medicine Compound Preparations Based on Human Experiences LI Can, LIU Lehuan, CHEN Xia, QU Jianbo 2025, 22(5): 564-569.  DOI: 10.19803/j.1672-8629.20240994 Abstract ( 45 )   PDF (1312KB) ( 86 )   Objective To find out about the requirements related to the chemical manufacture and control(CMC)study of newly-registered compound preparations of TCM in order to provide data for the conversion of clinical prescriptions of TCM into new traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs). Methods Based on related literature, regulations and guidelines and on evaluations of newly-registered compound preparations of TCMs, cerns related to the CMC study of newly-registered compound preparations of TCMs were explored. Results Empirical research and development of newly-registered compound preparations of TCMs should take into consideration the conventions and characteristics of TCMs and incorporate the theories of TCMs, human experience and clinical trials. Conclusion In the course of research and development of newly-registered compound preparations of TCMs, medicinal substances contained in human experience can be effectively translated into drugs for clinical trials and marketed products, which is the key to the CMC study. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Efficacy and Safety of Panax Quinquefolium Saponin in Adjuvant Treatment of Angina Pectoris of Coronary Heart Disease: a Meta-Analysis FAN Liping, LU Shu, SUN Huiyuan 2025, 22(5): 570-574.  DOI: 10.19803/j.1672-8629.20241011 Abstract ( 37 )   PDF (1444KB) ( 83 )   Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Panax quinquefolium saponin (Xinyue capsules) in treating angina pectoris of coronary heart disease. Methods Cochrane, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials, SinoMed, CNKI, Wanfang and VIP Data Knowledge Service Platform were searched for literature on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) related to the efficacy and safety of Panax quinquefolium saponin in treating angina pectoris of coronary heart disease. Literature bias risk was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias 2.0 tool (RoB 2.0) from the inception to Feb 28, 2025. RevMan 5.3 software was used for Meta-analysis and sensitivity analysis while GRADE was employed for quality evaluation of outcome indicators. Results A total of 11 articles were included in this study. Meta-analysis results showed that the clinical effective rate[RR=1.24, 95%CI(1.16, 1.32), P<0.000 01], improvement of angina symptoms(duration of angina pectoris[MD=-2.45, 95%CI(-3.54, -1.37), P<0.000 01] and frequency of angina pectoris[MD=-1.22, 95%CI(-1.80, -0.65), P<0.000 1], myocardial injury indexes{BNP[MD=-52.36, 95%CI(-87.35,-17.37), P=0.003]、CK-MB[MD=-4.56, 95%CI(-0.74,-0.08), P=0.000 7]、cTnI[MD=-0.41, 95%CI(-87.35,-17.37), P=0.01] and H-FABP[MD=-1.86, 95%CI (-3.35,-0.37), P=0.01]} in the panax quinquefolium saponin (Xinyue capsule) group were better than in the Western medicine group. However, there were no significant differences between the two groups in incidence of adverse reactions, such as dizziness, headache, flushing or those involving the digestive tract, liver function and kidney function. Conclusion Panax quinquefolium saponin (Xinyue capsules) can effectively improve the curative effect, symptoms and myocardial injury indexes in the treatment of angina pectoris of coronary heart disease without increasing adverse reactions. However, due to the limitation of the number, sample size and quality of the included studies, more high-quality studies are needed. References | Supplementary Material | Related Articles | Metrics

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Efficacy and Safety of Danshen Decoction in Treatment of Coronary Heart Disease WANG Fengxin, LI Lei, HUANG Xurui, ZHAO Yun, LING Ruby, YANG Yang, LIANG Changhao, ZENG Yuntao, ZHENG Yingjun, TANG Yuanchen, LIU Jiatao, WANG Chengxiang, WEN Tiancai, LI Ping 2025, 22(5): 575-579.  DOI: 10.19803/j.1672-8629.20241015 Abstract ( 51 )   PDF (1399KB) ( 86 )   Objective To assess the efficacy and safety of Danshen decoction (DSD) in treating coronary heart disease (CHD). Methods Cochrane, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and CNKI were searched for literature about RCTs related to the use of DSD in treating CHD that was published from the inception to August 1, 2023. The Cochrane Handbook 5.1 tool was used to evaluate the methodological quality of the included studies, Review Manager 5.3 was adopted to analyze the data, and GRADE was employed to assess the quality of evidence for indexes of outcomes. Results Sixteen studies involving 1,388 patients were included. Meta-analysis showed that DSD compared favorably with the controls in terms of the total efficacy [RR=1.31,95%CI(1.24,1.39), P<0.000 01], ECG improvements [RR=1.28, 95%CI(1.19,1.38), P<0.000 01], frequency of angina onsets[SMD=-1.27,95%CI(-2.12,-0.41), P=0.004], TCM symptom scores[SMD=-2.22, 95%CI(-2.62,-1.82), P<0.000 01], and adverse reactions [RR=0.25%, 95%CI (0.09,0.75), P=0.001]. Subgroup analysis found that 2 to 4 weeks of treatment with DSD were the most effective. GRADE assessment indicated that the evidence for efficacy and ECG improvement was of medium quality. Conclusion There is evidence to suggest that DSD combined with conventional medications is more effective and safer than conventional medications alone for CHD, and a 2-to 4-week course of treatment is recommended. However, more high-quality RCTs are needed to confirm these findings. References | Supplementary Material | Related Articles | Metrics

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One Case of Atrial Fibrillation Caused by Terazosin Tablets GUO Wen, DENG Zhijian, ZHANG Yongheng, GUO Jinhui 2025, 22(5): 580-582.  DOI: 10.19803/j.1672-8629.20240603 Abstract ( 69 )   PDF (1224KB) ( 103 )   Objective To explore the mechanism through which terazosin tablets induce atrial fibrillation (AF) in order to provide a reference for rational drug use in clinical practice. Methods One case of hypertension complicated with renal artery stenosis treated with terazosin tablets was analyzed based on a literature review. Results A 52-year-old female patient was admitted to the hospital due to dizziness and was diagnosed with cerebral infarction, stage 3 hypertension at extremely high risk, accompanied by atrial septal aneurysm and moderate stenosis of the right renal artery. She was administered 1 mg of terazosin tablets orally before she experienced such symptoms as rapid heartbeat and palpitations. An immediate electrocardiogram showed atrial fibrillation. She was given 47.5 mg of metoprolol sustained-release tablets orally, and her symptoms subsequently subsided. Based on correlation evaluation, it was speculated that the patient's atrial fibrillation might have been caused by terazosin tablets. Conclusion Atrial fibrillation may be one of the potential adverse reactions of terazosin tablets. Therefore, clinicians need to inquire about a patient's history of disease and previous medications, closely monitor the electrocardiogram, and be alert to the risk of recurrence upon re-administration. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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One Case of Taste Disorders Caused by Cetylpridinium Chloride Gargle QIAN Xia, ZHENG Liguang, LI Tongtong, HE Yachun 2025, 22(5): 583-585.  DOI: 10.19803/j.1672-8629.20240804 Abstract ( 58 )   PDF (1183KB) ( 90 )   Objective To explore the therapeutic effect of cetylpirdinium chloride gargle while avoiding taste abnormalities and adverse reactions. Methods One case of taste disorder caused by cetylpirdinium chloride gargle was discussed. Based on a review of related reports at home and abroad, the cause of taste disorder and possible mechanisms were studied. Results Taste abnormalities caused by the use of cetylpirdinium chloride gargle were quite common globally. Early detection and interventions had to be carried out to restore taste. Conclusion The incidence of taste abnormalities caused by the use of cetylpirdinium chloride gargle remains relatively high. It is recommended that doctors and patients alike be aware of the likelihood of this adverse reaction. Once taste disorders occur, the drug should be discontinued quickly and symptomatic treatment initiated. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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One Case of Abnormal Elevation of International Normalized Ratio Caused by Simultaneous Application of Sodium Warfarin Tablets and Aescuven Forte Tablets LIU Weiting, WEI Wei, YANG Yanbiao 2025, 22(5): 586-588.  DOI: 10.19803/j.1672-8629.20240775 Abstract ( 44 )   PDF (1134KB) ( 88 )   Objective To explore such adverse reactions as an abnormal increase in the international normalized ratio caused by the combination of warfarin sodium tablets and Aescuven forte tablets in order to provide a reference for safe clinical use. Methods Related literature was reviewed for a patient who had been taking warfarin sodium tablets for an extended period of time following a valve replacement. Upon the addition of Aescuven forte tablets to his medication regimen, the patient experienced recurrent episodes of nasal and gum bleeding, as well as an abnormally elevated international normalized ratio. The potential causes and preventative measures were explored. Results Based on the correlation between the patient’s clinical manifestations and the time of administration, it was suspected that the adverse reaction was caused by the interactions between warfarin sodium tablets and Aescuven forte tablets. After the two drugs were discontinued, the patient’s indicators gradually returned to normal. Conclusion The concurrent use of Aescuven forte tablets and warfarin sodium tablets may result in abnormal elevations of the international normalized ratio, potentially leading to such adverse reactions as bleeding. When these two drugs are used in combination in clinic, it is crucial to closely monitor the patient’s coagulation indicators and be alert to signs of bleeding. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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One Case of Acute Severe Liver Injury Caused by High-Dose Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate Injection WANG Li, TANG Jinling, LI Cuihong, TAN Feilong, YOU Lina, ZHAO Fangyun 2025, 22(5): 589-591.  DOI: 10.19803/j.1672-8629.20240776 Abstract ( 70 )   PDF (1178KB) ( 107 )   Objective To analyze such adverse reactions as acute severe liver injury caused by glucocorticoids and provide a reference for clinical drug safety. Methods One case of acute severe liver injury that occurred after the administration of high-dose dexamethasone sodium phosphate injection in a patient with primary immune thrombocytopenia was analyzed in combination with related literature. Results Based on the patient’s clinical manifestations, results of laboratory tests, and the timing of drug administration, the patient’s acute severe liver injury was considered an adverse reaction caused by high-dose dexamethasone sodium phosphate injection. Conclusion Close monitoring of adverse reactions is critical when glucocorticoids are used clinically, especially at a high dose, and clinicians should be alert to such adverse reactions as liver injury. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress in Uric Acid-Lowering Drugs YAN Caiying, QIN Linying, XU Yaoqing, WANG Xinge, CHAI Nannan, CHEN Long 2025, 22(5): 592-595.  DOI: 10.19803/j.1672-8629.20240857 Abstract ( 185 )   PDF (1222KB) ( 89 )   Objective To explore the research progress in uric acid-lowering drugs so as to provide a reference for their clinical applications. Methods By accessing the official websites of the National Medical Products Administration, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Database and PubMed, information was collected on the safety of uric acid-lowering drugs, including urate transporter 1 (URAT1) inhibitors, xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitors and exogenous uricase, which were used in the treatment of chronic gout between April 1, 2014, and September 1, 2024. In addition, the key information on 27 uric acid-lowering drugs currently under development was analyzed using the Cortellis platform. Results The adverse reactions of URAT1 inhibitors mostly involved the digestive system, manifested as liver function abnormalities. The adverse reactions caused by XO inhibitors and exogenous uric acid oxidases primarily manifested themselves as skin and mucous membrane damage and blood system damage, such as immunogenic reactions and serious cardiovascular events. The targets of action for most of the currently-developed anti-gout drugs were URAT1 inhibitors, which increased the excretion of uric acid while reducing the incidence of gout. Conclusion Although three types of drugs are usually used for the treatment of chronic gout, the potential adverse reactions remain a concern. Future research and development of anti-gout drugs should focus on dual-target or new-target drugs with unique advantages in order to offer more options for the clinical treatment of patients. References | Supplementary Material | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress in the Pathogenesis and Medications of Trigeminal Neuralgia LI Shuran, XIE Rui, ZHAO Ronghua, BAO Lei, GENG Zihan, SUN Qiyue, CUI Xiaolan, GUO Shanshan, SUN Jing 2025, 22(5): 596-600.  DOI: 10.19803/j.1672-8629.20241020 Abstract ( 56 )   PDF (1225KB) ( 70 )   Objective To summarize the findings of current research related to the pathogenesis of and drugs for trigeminal neuralgia (TN) so as to provide references for in-depth studies on TN. Methods Related literature published between the inception of the databases and December 29, 2024 was retrieved from such databases as CNKI, the National Science and Technology Library and PubMed before being analyzed. Results TN was likely associated with microvascular compression of the trigeminal nerve, dysfunction of ion channels, peripheral nerve injury leading to demyelination, and reactivation of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection. The first-line drugs for TN included carbamazepine and oxcarbazepine. Additionally, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) also demonstrated promising efficacy and unique advantages in the treatment of TN. Conclusion Research findings about the pathogenesis and medications of TN have been summarized so as to provide references for the clinical treatment and research and development of related drugs. References | Related Articles | Metrics