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10 August 2012, Volume 9 Issue 8 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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Research of the Toxical and Side Effects Accompanied with Anti-inflammation Caused by Different Extracts from Rhizoma Menispermi to Mice LUO Dong, SUN Rong 2012, 9(8): 449-452.  Abstract ( 202 )   PDF (365KB) ( 233 )   ObjectiveTo offer experimental basement for the study of correlation between toxicity and efficacy by researching the toxical and side effects accompanied with anti-inflammation of water and alcohol extract from Rhizoma Menispermi. MethodsThe model of ear swelling by compound recipe of croton oil and granuloma by agar were made and model mice were intragastricaly treated with water and alcohol extract from Rhizoma Menispermi of different doses for 3 and 7 days continually. The anti-inflammatory effect on acute and chronic inflammation was observed. The activities of serum ALT, AST and contents of Cr, BUN were detected while the ratio of liver and kidney to body was measured. ResultsBoth ear swelling by croton oil and granuloma by agar can be inhibited by multiple intragastric administration of water and alcohol extract from Rhizoma Menispermi, and the inhibition rate inhanced with the increase of dosage, showing a certain dependency on dosage. The inhibition rate of alcohol extract is higher than water extract. In mice serum samples of alcohol extract and water extract, the activities of ALT, AST and contents of Cr, BUN increased, and both the ratio of liver and kidney to body enlarged. These above index changed significantly with doses and time. The changes of alcohol extract about these indexes were heavier than water extract. ConclusionInflammation can be significantly inhibited by both alcohol extract and water extrat in the dosage range of 1.2 to 4.7 mg ·kg-1 and show an obvious "dosage-efficacy" relationship. The anti-inflammatory degree increase with the enlarge of dosage, and the effect of alcohol extract is stronger than that of water extract;toxical and side effects of different degree can be caused to liver after administration of the two extracts in the dosage range of 1.2 to 4.7 mg ·kg-1 for 3 and 7days; toxical and side effects of different degree also can be caused to kidney after administration of the two extracts of 4.7 mg ·kg-1 for 3 and 7days. All the changesd of these indexes showed obvious "dosage-time-toxicity" relationship and the toxical and side effects caused by alcohol extract is larger than that caused by water extract. Therefore,there is a certain correlation between toxicity and efficacy of Rhizoma Menispermi dependence on the dose and time. However, what the "toxic" mechanism is, Whether the mechanisms between toxicity and efficacy is related, the "toxic" is the strict "toxic" or "side effects" all need to be confirmed by further studies. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparative Study on Rat Acute Toxicity of Three Tripterygium Wilfordii Preparations WANG Nan-nan, WANG Ai-wu, LI Xiao-yan 2012, 9(8): 453-455.  Abstract ( 257 )   PDF (452KB) ( 192 )   ObjectiveTo observe and compare the acute toxicity of three Tripterygium Wilfordii Preparations. MethodsThe rats were randomly divided into 4 groups, the control group, Tripterygium wilfordii tablet group,Tripterygium glycosides tablet group, Tripterygium hypoglaucum Hutch group. Rats were given corresponding drugs． General symptom and organs were observed. and AST, ALT, BUN in serum were measured. Liver and renal histology was examined by HE staining. ResultsThe AST of Tripterygium wilfordii tablet group and Tripterygium glycosides tablet group, the ALT of Tripterygium glycosides tablet group were higher than those of the control group(P <0.05). There was no significant difference(P >0.05) between medication groups in AST/ALT and BUN. The degree of Tripterygium hypoglaucum Hutch group changes was less than that of two other medication groups. ConclusionThe three Tripterygium Wilfordii Preparations can induce the renal and liver acute lesion, and the toxicity of the Tripterygium wilfordii tablet and Tripterygium glycosides tablet is more serious than that of Tripterygium hypoglaucum Hutch. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A Randomized, Controlled Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Proviewer Soft Tissue Access System used in Intracranial Operations CAO Sheng-wu, LI Hai-lin, LUO Hui, ZHAO Peng, TAO Chao, FU Zhen, ZHOU Min 2012, 9(8): 456-459.  Abstract ( 185 )   PDF (396KB) ( 144 )   ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of Proviewer soft tissue access system used in intracranial operations and provide the scientific evidence for promotion and application. MethodsA prospective, randomized, controlled study was deployed. Proviewer is used in the treatment group and brain spatula in the control group to compare the clinical efficacy and the safety of operation between two groups. Results19 patients are fit into Full-Analysis Set(FAS) in our hospital(the First Affiliated Hospital With Nanjing Medical University) from June 2011 to Dec 2011, 10 patients are in treatment group and 9 in control group. 2 patients are removed because of age. There are 17 patients in Per-Protocol Set(PPS), 9 patients in the treatment group and 8 in the control group. There are 19 patients in Safety Set(SAS), 10 patients in the treatment group and 9 in the control group. The primary efficacy endpoint is clinical efficacy balanced score. There is statistical difference in FAS and PPS between two groups(P<0.05). The treatment group is superior to controlled group. And the same result is appeared in visual score and subjective description score(P<0.05) Adverse events are evaluated in safety. There is one patient(10.00%) in the treatment group and one patient(11.11%) in the controlled group. There is no statistic different in adverse events between two groups(P >0.05). All adverse events are not caused by the therapeutic device and disappear before leaving hospital. ConclusionCompared with the brain spatula, Proviewer soft tissue access system can provide better field of vision, convenient operation and decrease amount of bleeding in the operation. No adverse events appear related with the therapeutic device and it is worth popularization because of higher value of clinical application References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Systematic Review of Risk Factors of Oral Ketoconazole Hepatotoxicity NIE Xiao-lu, TAO Qing-mei, ZHAN Si-yan, WANG Dan, WU Gu-izhi, CHENG Gang 2012, 9(8): 460-463.  Abstract ( 235 )   PDF (430KB) ( 197 )   ObjectiveTo study risk factors of oral ketoconazole hepatotoxicity. MethodSearching articles using relative terms about ketoconazole, oral treatment published on PubMed, Medline, CBM, CNKI, VIP, Wanfang and many other databases by Nov. 2011. Picking up the basic information, method features, interventions and adverse reactions when the studies were included, fixed models were used for the final results'meta analysis. ResultsThe included studies were 195. Subgroup analyze according to dose and duration does not yet obviously indicate that the relation between incidence of liver damage and dose and time for medication; Children's incidence of liver injury was 2.2%(95% CI: 0.7%~6.6%), while that of elderly people over the age of 60 was 14.0%(95% CI: 4.9% ~34.3%); Using oral ketoconazole for treatment beyond the provisions of the instructions got a higher incidence of liver damage, was 5.5%(95% CI: 4.3%~7.0%). ConclusionThe risk factors of oral ketoconazole hepatotoxicity were the elderly and the ultra-manual usage, failed to clear the relation between incidence of hepatotoxicity and dose and time for medication. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Status Assessment of Medical Device Adverse Event Monitoring System in the Third Grade Medical Institutions of Beijing MA Ning, ZHAI Wei, ZHOU Li-xing, ZHANG Li-ming 2012, 9(8): 464-468.  Abstract ( 235 )   PDF (525KB) ( 185 )   ObjectiveTo assess the status of medical device adverse event monitoring system in the third grade medical institutions of Beijing, identify the existing problems and put forward the related countermeasures, promote the further development of medical device adverse event monitoring work in Beijing. MethodsIdentified the evaluation indicators of the medical device adverse event monitoring system in the third grade medical institutions of Beijing, developed the evaluation methods and made the questionnaires. We finished the assessment through visiting 54 third grade medical institutions of Beijing, reviewing documents and related information, and interviewing relevant persons. The monitoring system status and gaps were analysed, and the suggestions for improvement were proposed. Resultsand ConclusionThe medical institutions need to continue the perfection of medical device adverse events monitoring system in terms of personnel construction, financial support and research projects, take various measures to further enhance the level of adverse event monitoring. At the same time, regulators must strengthen technical guidance to medical device adverse event monitoring in the medical institutions. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Survey and Analysis on Cognition of Medical Device Adverse Events among Healthcare Professionals and Technical Personnel LUO Xue-mei 2012, 9(8): 469-471.  Abstract ( 213 )   PDF (447KB) ( 120 )   Objective To investigate the cognition degree on Medical Device Adverse Events(MDAE) among healthcare professionals, analyse the problems that exist in the monitoring so as to provide information for the relevant agencies. Methods The investigators distributed questionnaire to various departments and collected at the scene. Results and conclusion The people who had been investigated had a low level cognition about knowledge of MDAE and monitoring was not enough, which affect reporting rate. We should actively carry out training and propaganda, strengthen supervision, using the information to do a good job in feedback, so as to ensure the safety of using medical devices. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Development on Chemical Compositions of Polygonum Multiflorum Related to Efficacy and Toxicity GONG Yan-sheng, ZHANG Ya-nan, HUANG Wei, SUN Hu, SUN Rong 2012, 9(8): 472-475.  Abstract ( 355 )   PDF (501KB) ( 581 )   ObjectiveBy combing pertinent literature, and summarizing the current states of chemical composition of Polygonum multiflorum related with its efficacy and toxicity, to identify its effective and toxical composition, provide literature basis and idea for the research of relevance between efficacy, toxicity and chemical composition of Polygonum multiflorum. MethodsThe related references in recent 10 years both at home and abroad about Polygonum multiflorum were collated, analyzed and summarized. ResultsThe stilbene glucoside is the main chemical composition and the active constituent, and is the main material basis for efficacy in Polygonum multiflorum. Anthraquinones are the possible toxical chemical composition and marerial basis to effect toxicity expression. Many adverse reactions were observed in clinical application. The research reports related to the toxicity of chemical constituents are very few. The chemical material foundation, process in vivo, characters and mechanism of toxical effect are not definite completely. The research about efficacy, material basis and toxicity of Polygonum multiflorum is isolated; there is a short of relevance. ConclusionThe toxicity of Polygonum multiflorum should be researched in the process of efficacy-expression and material basis- References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Oxycodone and Acetaminophen Dependence and Abuse Risk Analysis MA Jun-li, PANG Li-yan, ZHOU Li-xin, ZHANG Li-ming 2012, 9(8): 476-478.  Abstract ( 361 )   PDF (525KB) ( 670 )   Oxycodone hydrochloride is a derivative of morphine. The pharmacological effects of the oxycodone hydrochloride is similar to morphine. There has been animal experiments show that oxycodone and morphine are similar in strengthening effect, and they have the same potential for psychological dependence. In the United States and Australia, oxycodone products are one of the most common drugs being diverted and abused. Although the single and compound preparations of oxycodone hydrochloride are both likely to cause abuse, In China, oxycodone acetaminophen(oxycodone hydrochloride compound) is managed in accordance with prescription drug, so it is more likely to be lossed and abused compared to the single preparation of oxycodone hydrochloride which is managed in accordance with narcotic drugs. Medical institutions and drug regulatory departments shall strengthen the management and monitoring of oxycodone acetaminophen to prevent loss and abuse. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Literature Analysis of 10 Cases of Anaphylactic Shock Induced by Tanreqing Injection LIU Liu, QI Cai-bin, QIANG-BA-CI-REN, QI Jia-xin, QU Yi 2012, 9(8): 479-480.  Abstract ( 249 )   PDF (591KB) ( 198 )   Objective Explore the clinical characteristics and regularity of anaphylactic shock by Tanreqing injection, provide basis for clinical rational drug use. Methods With "Tanreqing injection", "shock", "adverse reaction" as keywords retrieval in 2005 to 2012 China journal full-text database literature retrieval, altogether retrieve to 12 articles of anaphylactic shock by Tanreqing Injection, involves 10 patients(with repeated case) were Statistically analyzed. Resutls and Conclusion Tanreqing injection induced allergic shock and dose related, occurs in the medication within 30 minutes, clinical application should be monitored closely, prevent the occurrence of adverse reactions. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Literature Analysis of Adverse Drug Reactions Induced by Lidocaine as Stomatological Medicine WANG Hui, ZHAO Shi-dan, LIU Cui-li, DU Ting 2012, 9(8): 481-484.  Abstract ( 237 )   PDF (597KB) ( 205 )   ObjectiveTo promote its scientific use by probing into the general laws and characteristics of ADR induced by lidocaine as stomatological medicine. MethodsTo retrieve and analyze the documents about ADR induced by lidocaine as stomatological medicine in CNKI and Chinainfo Digital Journals from the year of 2000 to 2012. Resultsand ConclusionADR induced by lidocaine happens on more female than male within ten minutes after taking the medicine, frequently accompanied by some allergic shock and reaction. It will affect multiple systems of the body, mainly involving in general disorder, malfunction of the central and peripheral nervous system, as well as the respiratory system. Supervision and precaution should be strengthened in the clinical use of lidocaine. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of 112 cases of Adverse Drug Reactions Induced by Antihypertensive Drugs LI Lei 2012, 9(8): 485-486.  Abstract ( 248 )   PDF (555KB) ( 109 )   ObjectiveTo discuss the features of adverse drug reaction(ADR) induced by antihypertensive drugs in order to promote the safe drug use in clinic. MethodsThe ADRs induced by antihypertensive drugs were searched between Jan. 2007 and Dec. 2010 in our hospital, and statistical analysis was made. ResultsThe statistics showed 112 cases ADR were induced by antihypertensive drugs and took 5.9% of all the ADR reports in the same period. The female cases were more than the males and the incidence between 70~90 was the highest. CCB and ACEI had more cases. The serious ADRs were 4 cases, most of which were caused by an old drug reserpine. ConclusionMore attention should be paid to ADR of antihypertensive drugs and drugs with severe ADRs should be obsoleted to reduce the ADRs. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Quality Standard for Feilike Capsules JIN Xing, ZHANG Qing-bo 2012, 9(8): 487-489.  Abstract ( 237 )   PDF (617KB) ( 96 )   ObjectiveTo establish a method for the quality standard of Feilike capsules. MethodsRevised the method of TCL identification for Peucedani radix, added the TLC methods for Gentiana rhodantha Franch and Scutellariae radix, and a RP-HPLC method for the determination of Sweroside, with Aglient Eclipse XDB C18 column(4.6×250mm,5μm), methanol-water(20:80) as the mobile phase at the flow rate of 1.0 mL ·min-1.The detection wavelength was 247nm. ResultsNegative controls were non-interference, the linear range was 0.04076μg~0.24456μg(r=0.999) and average recovery(n=6) was 100.03%. ConclusionThe method is convenient, reliable and suitable for quality assessment of Feilike capsules. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Exploration of Working Mode of Health Education of Clinical Pharmacists in Hospitalized Patients with Cerebrovascular Disease LIU Heng, LIN Wen-sheng 2012, 9(8): 490-491.  Abstract ( 177 )   PDF (686KB) ( 108 )   Acute cerebral vascular disease with high incidence, high mortality, high disability rate, high recurrence rate and many complications, in order to make patients aware of the importance of cerebrovascular, the clinical pharmacists drew out the health education process to the inpatients, such as the collection of cases, assessment of medication status, development of an individualized education program and regular follow-up, summed up the lessons, put forward the improvement measures, provided a standardized working mode for the clinical pharmacists. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Observation of 178 Diabetic Patients after Using of Antidiabetic Drugs with Paths Intervention Therapy LI Guo-qiang, YANG Bin, DENG Yuan, WANG Zhi-zhong, GENG Yan 2012, 9(8): 492-495.  Abstract ( 201 )   PDF (775KB) ( 203 )   ObjectiveAnalysis of hypoglycemic drugs used in our clinic from 2009 to 2011 is discussed after efficient paths intervention therapy for diabetic patients, which can provide references for deceasing the occurrence of diabetic complication, emergency, hospitalization rate and improving rational clinical drug use on diabetic. Methods Statistics and analysis of the cost of antidiabetic drugs, the proportion of antidiabetic drugs, DDDs, DDc and so on in our clinic from 2009 to 2011 are made by the methods of ranking of amount of money and DDD analysis. ResultsThe variety, number and consumption sum of antidiabetic drugs are increasing year by year from 2009 to 2011. Acarbose, 30R insulin and nateglinide rank the first three places in drug consumption sum; acarbose, 30R insulin and gliclazide rank the first three places in DDDs; 30R insulin, Rinsulin and N insulin rank the first three places in daily cost. ConclusionsWe establish observation medical record for 182 patients with diabetes in community. And we make comparison for 178 diabetic patients between before therapy and after therapy. After intervention therapy, Clinical Pharmacology's use rate decrease apparently and medical resources are saved. And also diabetic complication, emergency and hospitalization rate reduce significiantly after intervention therapy. There is significant statistical significance between data before and after intervention therapy. The use of antidiabetic drugs after paths intervention therapy is reasonable in our clinic. Doctor's prescription can fulfill patient's disease treatment, which predicts economic, safety, reasonable and effective in drug use. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Investigation on Cognition of the ADR Knowledge among Nurses LU Jing, CHEN Ning, ZHAO Huai-quan, ZHEN Jian-cun 2012, 9(8): 496-499.  Abstract ( 174 )   PDF (638KB) ( 229 )   ObjectiveTo investigate ADR knowledge among nurses at our hospital, to provide reference for improving our report ADR rate. MethodsNurses of our hospital were randomly investigated by questionnaires. The data were inputted by Excel. The different levels of ADR knowledge among nurses were analyzed. ResultsThe cognition degree of ADR related knowledge among nurses is basically correct. They can realize the importance of reporting adverse drug reaction, but also need more efforts to carrying out this work. ConclusionIt is now urgent to further strengthen the ADR related knowledge training. Stratified study for the nurses is necessary, in order to improve our adverse drug reaction monitoring level. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application Analysis on the Second Class Psychotropic Drugs in Our Hospital from 2009 to 2011 WANG Yu-ping 2012, 9(8): 500-502.  Abstract ( 209 )   PDF (594KB) ( 274 )   Objective To evaluate the application situation and development tendency of the second class psychotropic drugs in our hospital and provide references for the drug management and rational drug use. Methods Using the daily dose limit recommended by the World Health Organization(WHO) as the indicator, to retrospectively analyze the application of the second class psychotropic drugs. Results The annual sales and drug use frequency of benzodiazepine and barbiturate psychotropic drugs are rising year by year, with higher use frequency of Clonazepam, Alprazolam and Estazolam. As a representative of the new generation non-benzodiazepine drugs, Zaleplon has been used in a decreased tendency. Conclusion The application structure of the second class psychotropic drugs is stable, and the clinical use of them is basically reasonable. Benzodiazepine drugs have the dominant position in the clinical use. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Pharmaceutical Service for an Aged Patient with Chronic Hepatitis B Combined Liver Cirrhosis and Ascites WU Rong-rong, HAN Jin, LIU Feng-qun, CHEN Hong-ge 2012, 9(8): 503-505.  Abstract ( 207 )   PDF (614KB) ( 178 )   ObjectiveTo investigate the method of pharmaceutical care for aged patient with liver disease by giving pharmaceutical care to an eldly patient with chronic hepatitis B combined liver cirrhosis and ascites. MethodsThrough analyzing the pharmaceutical care experience from a hepatic cirrhosis patient during participating in clinical medicine activities, discussed the entry points from which the pharmacists might participate in clinical rational drug use and perform pharmaceutical care in terms of the application of diuretic agents, hemostatic drugs, antibiotics and other medicines. ResultsThe suggestion which pharmacist given was accepted by doctor, and the patient state of illness was relieved. ConclusionImproving the ability of pharmacists to perform pharmacotherapy will generate better pharmaceutical care and ensure the safety, efficacy and cost-effectiveness of drug treatment. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Understanding and Discussion about Special Population's Drug Dispensing and Medication Risk Prevention ZHANG Ai-guo, WU Ping, LING Yan 2012, 9(8): 506-508.  Abstract ( 187 )   PDF (655KB) ( 300 )   To analysis the importance of drug dispensing in clinical work and to provide a reference for rational use of drugs in special population. More attention should be paid to drug dispensing in special population, so that wen can ensure rational use of drugs and prevent and avoid risk in durg administration. References | Related Articles | Metrics