Abstract: ObjectiveBy combing pertinent literature, and summarizing the current states of chemical composition of Polygonum multiflorum related with its efficacy and toxicity, to identify its effective and toxical composition, provide literature basis and idea for the research of relevance between efficacy, toxicity and chemical composition of Polygonum multiflorum. MethodsThe related references in recent 10 years both at home and abroad about Polygonum multiflorum were collated, analyzed and summarized. ResultsThe stilbene glucoside is the main chemical composition and the active constituent, and is the main material basis for efficacy in Polygonum multiflorum. Anthraquinones are the possible toxical chemical composition and marerial basis to effect toxicity expression. Many adverse reactions were observed in clinical application. The research reports related to the toxicity of chemical constituents are very few. The chemical material foundation, process in vivo, characters and mechanism of toxical effect are not definite completely. The research about efficacy, material basis and toxicity of Polygonum multiflorum is isolated; there is a short of relevance. ConclusionThe toxicity of Polygonum multiflorum should be researched in the process of efficacy-expression and material basis-

Key words: separation., Material, basis, of, toxicity, should, be, controlled, reasonably, and, basement, would, be, provided, for, con-summating, safety, standards, and, putting, forward, early-warning, scheme, of, adverse, reaction, that, can, be, referred, to, clinical.