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08 April 2013, Volume 10 Issue 4 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Effect of Screening and Training on the Morris Water Maze Memory Performance of Mice QIAN Xiao-lu, SUN Rong 2013, 10(4): 193-195.  Abstract ( 250 )   PDF (274KB) ( 218 )   Objective To investigate the effect of the screening and training on Morris water maze memory performance of mice in order to offer the references and research ideas for impaired memory model. Methods Normal mice were divided into different groups such as the normal group with screening and training, model group with screening and training, normal group except screening and training, model group except screening and training and Positive drug control group. The screening and training group had Morris water maze test before the formal experiment to make sure every mice could find the platform in the provision of time. The ability of learning and memory were observed using Morris water maze. Results Screening and training of mice hada significant impact on the Morris water maze test, it could significantly shorten the latency and improve the ability of learning and memory in mice. Conclusion For the Morris water maze performance, the dementia model induced by scopolamine should be screened and trained before the formal experiment, so that the accuracy of the Results could be greatly improved. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Yi-qi Yang-yin San-jie Herbal Compound on Cardiomyopathy of Diabetic Rats and the Expression of AngiotensinⅡ YANG Xiao -hui ,WU Shu -xin ,ZHANG Li ,SUN Hong -feng 2013, 10(4): 196-198.  Abstract ( 265 )   PDF (382KB) ( 92 )   Objective To study the effects of Yi-qi Yang-yin San-jie herbal compound on cardiomyopathy of diabetic rats and the expression of AngⅡ of myocardial tissue. Methods The diabetic model was established by streptozotocin injection to the abdominal cavities of rats.The male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups: normal control group, diabetes mellitus group and herbal compound group. The rats of different groups were treated with relevamt medicinals respectively by intragastrical method. In the end of 4th and 8th weeks, the rats were sacrificed and their hearts is taken out, tissue slice is taken and the morphological changes were observed under optical microscope. Detect protein expression of AngⅡ through immunohistochemistry. AngⅡ mRNA level were detected by in situ hybridization method. Statistical image analysis Results . Results In the end of 4th and 8th weeks, as compared to the normal control group, levels of myocardial AngⅡ and AngⅡ mRNA expression in myocardium, were much higher in those of diabetes mellitus group, P<0.01. Compared with diabetes mellitus group, expression level of AngⅡ and AngⅡ mRNA in herbal compound group was much lower, <0.01. Conclusion Yi-qi Yang-yin San-jie herbal compound could downregulate expression of AngⅡ and had a therapeutical effect on cardiomyopathy in DM rats. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Single-injection Sciatic Nerve B lock Combined Continuous Femoral Nerve Block Reduces the Incidence of Postoperative Delirium ZHANG Da -zhi ,WANG Dong -xin ,MU Dong –liang 2013, 10(4): 199-202.  Abstract ( 261 )   PDF (346KB) ( 214 )   Objective To compare the effect of single -injection sciatic nerve block combined continuous femoral nerve block with continuous femoral nerve block on incidence of postoperative delirium in older patients. Methods A prospective, random study was conducted in patients who underwent total knee replacement. Baseline cognitive function was assessed using Mini-Mental State Examination scores in the day before operation. Postoperative delirium was measured using the Confusion Assessment Method postoperatively. All of the patients receiveda spinal anesthesia and light propofol sedation during operation. Guided bya nerve stimulator, sciatic nerve block combined continuous femoral nerve block was performed in experimental group and continuous femoral nerve block was performed in control group after spinal anesthesia. All of the patients received patient-controlled analgesia as adjuvant analgesia. In addition, pain levels(using numerical rating scale scores, NRS) and opioid use were compared in two groups. Results 97 patients were studied. The overall incidence of postoperative delirium was 11.3% in 72h after operation. Incidence of postoperative delirium in experimental group was lower than control group(4.1% vs. 16.7%, P=0.028). There was significantly less NRS in experimental group comparing control group at rest 24,48 and 72h after surgery( P<0.01).The postoperative sufentanil consumption and PCA button press times in control group were more than that of experimental group(P <0.01) at 72h after operation. Conclusion Single-injection sciatic nerve block combined continuous femoral nerve block reduces the incidence of postoperative delirium. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on the Clinical Effect of Tanreqing Injection Combined with Antibiotics for Pneumonia in the Elderly TONG Wei-jia 2013, 10(4): 203-204.  Abstract ( 263 )   PDF (385KB) ( 161 )   Objective To observe the clinical effect of Tanreqing injection combined with antibiotics for pneumonia in the elderly. Methods Fifty -four elderly patients with pneumonia at our hospital from June 2011 to June 2012 were selected as subjects. They were randomly divided into Tanreqing treatment group(27 cases)and control group (27 cases). The patients in control group were only given antibiotics, and the treatment group was added with Tanreqing on the basis of treatment above. Results The total effective rate in Tanreqing treatment group was 92.6%,and that in control group was 81.5%.The average duration of fever in Tanreqing treatment group was 3.4±1.1 days,and that in control group was 5.8±1.7 days. There was significant difference in the rate between the two groups( P<0.05). All patients in two groups had no adverse reactions. Conclusion The clinical effect of Tanreqing combined with antibiotics is better than that of antibiotics alone for the treatment of pneumonia in the elderly. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Determination of Ephedrine Hydrochloride in Huanglong Zhike Granules by HPLC LIU Hong ,TIAN Hong -gen 2013, 10(4): 205-206.  Abstract ( 293 )   PDF (444KB) ( 206 )   Objective To establish a RP-HPLC method for the determination of ephedrine hydrochloride in Huanglong Zhike granules. Methods Agilent Extend C18 column was used. The mobile phase was acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid(0.1% triethyamine) (10:90). The detection wavelength was set at 207nm. Results A good linearity was obtained in the range of 0.0700μg to 1.400μg(r=1.0000). The average recovery was 98.7%. Conclusion This method is simple, accurate and reproducible, and can be used for the quality control. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Discussion on the Reaction Mechanism of Drug Incidents in China GAO Zhi-feng 2013, 10(4): 207-209.  Abstract ( 239 )   PDF (522KB) ( 214 )   The drug incidents have occurred frequently in our country in recent years. This is an urgent requirement for us to improve the reaction capabilities. This article introduced our existing reaction mechanism to the drug incidents, analyzed the problems and causes, and then put forward the specific recommendations, in order to provide a reference for the establishment of our drug incidents reaction mechanism. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on Current Situation and Trend of FDA's Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy ZHAO Pin ,XU Mei-ting, YANG Yue 2013, 10(4): 210-214.  Abstract ( 276 )   PDF (512KB) ( 263 )   To control the risk of drug well, FDA began to implement Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy in March 2008. For almost four years, it has experienced partial adjustment and improvement. This article makes an analysis of current situation and trend of Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy to provide suggestions and references for domestic measures of drug risk intervention. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Pharmacological Effect, Clinical Application and Adverse Reaction of Reduning Injection LUO Xian-cai 2013, 10(4): 215-218.  Abstract ( 658 )   PDF (549KB) ( 671 )   Objective By reviewing the pharmacological effect, clinical application and adverse reactions of Reduning injection, to provide the basis for safe, effective and reasonable clinical application. Methods The related references in recent years at home and abroad about the pharmacological effect, clinical application and adverse reactions of Reduning injection were collected, summarized and analyzed. Results Reduning injection had obvious antiviral and antibacterial effect, and could effectively increase the body's immune function and improve the disease resistance. Reduning injection has been widely used in respiratory infection and is effective. There were some off-label use reports in which it was used in viral diarrhea, herpes zoster, infantile herpangina, ect. The adverse reactions included allergic reaction, anaphylactic shock, skin and accessories damage, hematuria, and acute laryngeal edema, etc. Conclusion Reduning injection had definitely curative effect on respiratory infection, but there were some off-label clinical use reports. Clinical doctors should strictly and reasonably use reduning injection according to its indications, perfect the countermeasures of adverse reactions in order to improve the safety of drugs. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Development on the Application of Systems Biology in the Discovery and Assessment of Hepatotoxicity of TCM HUANG You -yi ,SUN Rong 2013, 10(4): 219-221.  Abstract ( 269 )   PDF (514KB) ( 329 )   Objective To summarize the application of systems biology in hepatotoxicity of TCM by reviewing related references, including the screening of toxic markers, the research of toxicity mechanisms, toxicity prediction, and the establishment of toxic protein and gene database. Methods Related references in recent years at home and abroad were collected, analyzed and summarized. Results Systems biology technology can find out the toxic substances and the law of toxicity more quickly and accurately compared to the traditional methods. It can either be applied to the study of biomarkers and drug targets independently, or to supplement and verify the study of mechanism. Meanwhile there are still some unsolved problems of its application due to technical limitation such as the lack of toxic assessment system and enough basic data. Conclusion The knowledge of toxic mechanism of TCM has been raised to a new level due to the application of systems biology, which isa suitable platform for the research on hepatotoxicity assessment, clinical diagnosis and hepatotoxicity mechanism of TCM, especially for discovering toxic markers and hepatotoxicity warning in advance. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Exploration on Adverse Drug Reaction Signal Detection, Validation and Statistics Analysis Methods: Based on the Clindamycin Injection's Renal Toxicity Adverse Reaction Monitoring Data. LU Chang-fei, TIAN Chun-hua ,TIAN Yue-jie, LIU Cui-li ,XIE Yan-jun 2013, 10(4): 222-227.  Abstract ( 306 )   PDF (601KB) ( 287 )   Objective To establish the model of adverse drug reaction signal detection, validation and statistics analysis methods. Methods Using the measures of disproportionality and stratified analysis to establish the model of adverse drug reaction signal detection, validation and analysis research by the clindamycin injection's renal toxicity adverse reaction monitoring data. Results The ROR of clindamycin injection, clindamycin hydrochloride injection and clindamycin phosphate injection were 65.0, 114.0 and 14.7, respectively. The risks of renal damage of clindamycin hydrochloride injection were 6.6 times and 5.5 times than clindamycin phosphate injection after adjusting the age and single drug dose( P<0.001). It has been successfully established the model of adverse drug reaction signal detection, validation and analysis research. Conclusion There is strong relevance between clindamycin and renal toxicity adverse reaction, and the risk of renal damage of clindamycin hydrochloride injection was higher than clindamycin phosphate injection, but more researches are needed to verify it. The integrated use of data mining and statistics Methods can make more favorable evidence for adverse drug reaction signal detection, validation and analysis research. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of 400 Serious ADR Reports in the Elderly SHEN Qian, LIU Chen ,WANG Yu-qin 2013, 10(4): 228-231.  Abstract ( 295 )   PDF (632KB) ( 242 )   Objective To analyze the risk factors of serious adverse drug reactions(ADR) in the elderly, and providea reference for developing the elderly high -risk medication catalog and its management. Methods 400 serious ADR reports of the elderly patients collected by Beijing ADR Monitoring Center from January 2009 to June 2011 were analyzed retrospectively. Results The Results show the most serious ADR of the elderly patients involved the anti-infective drugs, anticancer drugs, traditional Chinese medicine, central nervous system drugs and circulatory system drugs. The main routes of administration in the eldly patients were intravenous infusion and oral administration. The main types of serious ADR were the skin and its appendages damage, systemic damage and hepatobiliary system damage. Conclusion The serious ADR analysis can provide reference for the management and assessment of medication risks in the elderly patients, but which drugs have a highrisk for the elderly need the further study. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of 1059 Suspected Medical Device Adverse Event Reports KONG Xiang -hong ,ZHANG Wei –hua, YAN Ting –ting 2013, 10(4): 232-234.  Abstract ( 284 )   PDF (610KB) ( 383 )   Objective To investigate the general situation of MDAEs in our county, find out the regularity, and provide warning for clinical safe use of medical devices. Methods With the retrospective analysis, use Microsoft Excel to summarize and screen the collected data, make statistics, evaluation and analysis in terms of product category and main manifestations of adverse events. Results The MDAEs have no significant correlation with gender and age. Among the three types of medical devices, typeⅡand typeⅢare the monitoring subjects. Medical polymer materials and products have the largest number of reports. Implant materials and artificial organs have the maximum number of reports on injury.As for analysis of the specific variety, the number of intrauterine device adverse events is the first, the main adverse event manifestations are related to device quality and patients'allergic constitution, etc. These cases were reported mainly by doctors. Conclusion To strengthen the understanding of MDAEs risk, intensify the monitoring on key varieties, and continuously improve the medical device control and management level. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of 63 Cases of ADR Caused by Capecitabine Platinum Joint Fluorouracil/leucovor in Treatment of Colorectal Cancer LI Zhi -yi ,LUO Yu -shuang 2013, 10(4): 235-237.  Abstract ( 242 )   PDF (579KB) ( 234 )   Objective Through analysing 63 ADR cases of the capecitabine platinum joint Fluorouracil/leucovor in treatment of colorectal cancer, to explore the rules and causes of adverse reactions, provide a reference for clinical rational use of drugs. Methods Analyzed 63 ADR cases caused by capecitabine platinum joint fluorouracil/leucovor in treatment of colorectal cancer in terms of gender, age, drug dose, organ or system involved and clinical manifestation, which were searched from 2007～2012 at the Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University. Results Patients at the age of forty to sixty were with the highest incidence of ADR,a total of 39 cases, accounting for 61.90% . The most common clinical manifestations of ADR was nervous system damage(44.44%), followed by the digestive system(29.63%) and blood system (17.78%) damage. Conclusion The occurrence of ADR caused by FOLFOX scheme colorectal cancer treatment was related to drug factors, and age distribution characteristics accorded with the adaptation crowd. The medical professionals should raise the awareness of reporting ADR induced by FOLFOX scheme in the treatment of malignant tumor. It needs to analyze the characteristics of the ADR occurrence to ensure the clinical drug use safety. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Literature Analysis of 65 Cases of ADR in Cardiovascular System Induced by β-Lactam Antibiotics ZHANG Jing ,WANG Jin –Hua, LIU Lu ,LI Dan -Lu ,LI Xi –Na 2013, 10(4): 238-240.  Abstract ( 234 )   PDF (681KB) ( 192 )   Objective To study the features of adverse drug reaction(ADR) in cardiovascular system induced by -lactam antibiotics through literature analysis and provide reference for clinical rational use of β-lactam antibiotics. Methods To collect literatures from 1987 to 2012 reported in China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) with" β-lactam antibiotics"、"penicillin"、" cef -/ceph -" "ADR" as key words, and to analyze statistically the 65 ADR cases, involved in 43 articles of β-lactam antibiotics in cardiovascular system. Results Totally there were 16 varieties involved. Penicillin was most frequently reported. Cefazolin and cefradine were the second. Arrhythmia was the most common manifestation of cardiac toxicity(73.85% ), followed by acute heart failure (23.08% ). Most ADR appeared as fast -type, especially occurred during the first 10 minutes (53.85% ). Conclusion We should pay more attention to the ADR of β-lactam antibiotics in cardiovascular system. It needs to observe closely during application, in order to detect earlier and deal correctly. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of 51 Cases of Adverse Reactions/Events of Aripiprazole WEI Xiu-feng ,XU Zuo-guo, HUANG He-liang ,CONG Juan 2013, 10(4): 241-243.  Abstract ( 283 )   PDF (665KB) ( 468 )   Objective To investigate aripiprazole adverse reactions/events, provide a reference for clinical safety of drugs. Methods We Searched two types of magazimes on mental illness in recent years, 15 cases of aripiprazole adverse reaction reports were collected, together with 36 clinical cases of adverse reactions, acomprehensive statistical analysis waconducted. Results Aripiprazole adverse reactions/events involve 9 systems -organs, including 22 manifestations. The hepatobiliary system, extrapyramidal system, blood system and cardiovascular system were more commonly involved. 88.24% of the adverse reactions occurred within 30 days, acute adverse reactions were less. Conclusion Aripiprazole adverse reactions/events commonly involved the hepatobiliary system, extrapyramidal system and blood system and cardiovascular system, fewer acute adverse reactions occurred. It is an ideal antipsychotic drug. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of the Effect of Rational Intervent ion in Perioperative Antimicrobial Prophylaxis on4 Kinds of Aseptic Operations QING Dong ,ZHOU Li, HUANG Bin 2013, 10(4): 244-246.  Abstract ( 254 )   PDF (648KB) ( 97 )   Objective To analyze the effect of rational intervention in perioperative antimicrobial as prophylaxis on four kinds of aseptic operations. Methods Selected medical records about four kinds of aseptic operations(thyroidectomy, breast surgery, hernia repair surgery and closed fracture surgery) in our hospital. The fourth quarter medical records in 2010 are regarded as the group without intervention and the fourth quarter medical records in 2011 are regarded as the group in tervened. Analyzed and evaluated their indication, drug selection, medication time, usage and dosage, combination according to the standards of rational use of antimicrobial drugs. The Results of statistics are studied with 2 check. Results The qualified rates on indication, drug selection, medication time, usage and dosage, combination were significantly improved( P<0.05). Conclusion Developing standard intervention measures for perioperative prophylactic application of antibacterials can improve the proportion of rational drug use during perioperative period and rational use of antibiotics in hospital. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Discoloration of Compatibility between Cefotaxime Sodium and Ornidazole Sodium Chloride Injection LI Rong, REN Mei-ping ,ZENG Jing-Huai ,ZHANG Run ,JIANG Ying-lan 2013, 10(4): 247-248.  Abstract ( 396 )   PDF (590KB) ( 551 )   Objective To investigate the compatible stability of cefotaxime sodium and ornidazole chloride sodium injection. Methods The contents and absorption curves of cefotaxime sodium and ornidazole sodium chloride injection after mix were determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry. The appearance of the solution was observed and pH value was determined. Results The absorption peaks of cefotaxime sodium and ornidazole sodium chloride injection were at 236 nm and 319 nm, respectively. The mixture changed from light yellow clear liquid to pale pink at 40min.There were no evident changes in appearance, pH, content and absorption curves during4 hours. Conclusion The solution might change in color after cefotaxime sodium and ornidazole sodium chloride injection were mixed. Such compatibility should be avoided in the clinic. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of 142 Cases of Meropenem in Clinical Applications WU Jian ,GAO Jia –rong,LI Ying ,WANG Yong –zhong 2013, 10(4): 249-251.  Abstract ( 271 )   PDF (675KB) ( 408 )   Objective To analyze the utilization of meropenem in our hospital, provide the evidence for clinical rational drug use. Methods We randomly selected 142 cases of inpatients who took meropenem at our hospital in 2011, filled in the questionnaire, and analyzed the Results . Results Cases of rational drug use and basically rational drug use account for 88.73%, not rational drug use for 11.27%. Conclusion The clinical application of meropenem at the hospital is basically reasonable. But there are also irrational drug uses, such as with larger cost burden in patients.Therefore, we should strictly control the drug using under the related provision of this class, increaese the rate of pathogenic detection, reduce the experiential use of drugs, improve the level of rational drug use. References | Related Articles | Metrics