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08 January 2014, Volume 11 Issue 1 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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Experimental Comparison Study on Mice's Acute Toxicity of Different Samples in Tripterygium Wilfordii HUANG Wei1 FENG Qun2 SUN Rong1* 2014, 11(1): 1-3.  Abstract ( 243 )   PDF (342KB) ( 309 )   Objective The different samples to the acute toxicity in Tripterygium wilfordii on mice were compared to provide the experimental data for the research and clinic of Tripterygium wilfordii. Methods The all components, water extraction components from Tripterygium wilfordii and Tripterygium wilfordii polyglycoside(TWP) were prepared and compared in accordance with classical acute toxicity test methods. The toxic symptom was observed, and the death and the change of body weight were recorded. Results The MLD of all components and water extraction components are respectively 8.0 g·kg-1 and 289.84 g·kg-1, which were respectively equal to 22.4 times and 811.6 times of 70 kg adult's daily dried medicinal herb expenses. The LD50 and 95% confidence limit of TWP was 166.34 mg·kg-1(157.60~175.51 mg·kg-1), which was equal to 110.9 times of 70 kg adult's daily dried medicinal herb expenses. The main acute toxicity symptoms and signs were negligent action and prone fixed. The toxicity occurred late and lasted long time. Conclusion The acute toxicity of different components in Tripterygium wilfordii on mice is: TWP>all components> water extraction components, but the process of toxicity in vivo, toxicity characteristics and toxicity mechanism are all not yet entirely clear, and they all need to be further studied. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Experimental Factors of Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis in SD Rats DAI Xue-dong, FANG Chao,DAI Xiao-li, MA Yu-kui 2014, 11(1): 4-7.  Abstract ( 390 )   PDF (395KB) ( 344 )   Objective To gain sensitive experimental conditions and improve the accuracy of passive cutaneous anaphylaxis(PCA) test through investigating the influencing factors of PCA in SD rats. MethodsHomologous PCA was performed by using SD rats, and were carried out in different experimental conditions(with or without adjuvant, OVA or BSA was taken as allergen, sensitizing doses, sensitizing means, sensitizing times). ResultsHomologous PCA revealed negative reaction without adjuvant, showed positive reaction with adjuvant. According to diameter of dermal Evan's blue spot and the positive reaction rate, the degree of response was as follows: Al(OH)3>DPT vaccine>CFA. The immunogenicity of OVA was superior to BSA in SD rats when Al(OH)3 was added as adjuvant in PCA test. The diameter of dermal Evan's blue spot accreted by increasing sensitizing dose. Intraperitoneal and subcutaneous injection sensitization both could get good response of PCA, and there were no significant deviations between two sensitizing means. There was no obvious impact on PCA response by increasing sensitizing times. ConclusionThe optimal conditions in homologous PCA in SD rats are as follows: SD rats are sensitized with OVA 10mg/rat and Al(OH)3 which is added as adjuvant through subcutaneous injection every other day, three times in all. Blood is gained from abdominal aorta on the tenth day after the last sensitization, and blood serum is gained by centrifugalization. The other SD rats are sensitized with 1mL blood serum by endermic injection, and then, SD rats are stimulated with OVA 10mg/rat with equal volume 5% Evans blue. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Investigation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers' Establishments on Management System for Monitoring and Reporting Adverse Drug Reactions SUN Jun, WEI Zhen, LI Ming 2014, 11(1): 8-11.  Abstract ( 307 )   PDF (480KB) ( 323 )   Rules on adverse drug reaction reporting and monitoring in China require that pharmaceutical manufacturers should establish a management system for monitoring and reporting adverse drug reactions(ADR). Through observing the present situation of companies'establishment and implementation of their standard operation procedures and ADR reporting structures, as well as analyzing relevant EU laws, this article discussed ways to improve our country enterprise to implement the reporting system and the mode of government supervision. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Revelation of International Developing Countries' Essential Medicine System GUO Ying 2014, 11(1): 12-14.  Abstract ( 222 )   PDF (466KB) ( 255 )   ObjectiveTo put forward some revelation for our essential medicine system by studying the relative experiences of international developing countries. Methodsby adopting literature method and consulting relative articles about the essential medicine system of India, South Africa, Zimbabwe, Kenya, the revelation is concluded. Results& ConclusionBased on the experiences of four developing countries, this paper put forward some suggestions such as making EML more scientific, increasing train for the medical department and strengthening propaganda about the essential medicines. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Management of Hemorrhage Lead by New Oral Anticoagulants Dabigatran and Rivaroxaban WEN Li, HAN Xing, ZHOU Hao, ZHANG Xin-chao 2014, 11(1): 15-18.  Abstract ( 288 )   PDF (389KB) ( 562 )   In recent years, various kinds of new oral anticoagulants(NOAC) have been put in use in clinic. One of the most representative drugs is a direct factor Xa inhibitor rivaroxaban and direct thrombin inhibitor dabigatran. Due to the short half-life of them, appropriate therapies include symptomatic supporting treatment and observation, which are likely to be effective for the majority of patients. In the case of life-threatening hemorrhage, clotting-factor substitutes may be appropriate in certain situations. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress of Opioid Preparations in Cancer Pain Treatment YU Li-hua, LIU Meng-juan, WANG Zeng 2014, 11(1): 19-22.  Abstract ( 259 )   PDF (477KB) ( 300 )   ObjectiveAccording to the reports in literature review, conventional and new forms of opioid medications were arranged, so as to provide information for related forms'rational selection and application in clinic. MethodsThe opioid conventional dosage forms for the treatment of cancer pain(solid preparations, semi-solid preparations, liquid preparations etc.) and new dosage forms(oral agents, sprays, effervescent tablets) reported in the literature were analyzed. ResultsAt present, strong opioid medications have many forms at home and abroad, non-invasive drug delivery preparation is still the most widely used with better compliance formulations. ConclusionTo select the effective opioid dosage forms according to the features of different administration pathway, so as to reduce the pain suffering and improve the quality of life in patients with cancer. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Statistical Analysis on the Adverse Reaction of Toxic Chinese Medicine Based on the Affected Organs and the Frequency of Occurrence WANG Yi, SUN Rong 2014, 11(1): 23-26.  Abstract ( 260 )   PDF (612KB) ( 295 )   ObjectiveTo provide literature data for clinical monitoring of adverse drug reactions based on analyzing the affected organs and the frequency of adverse reaction of toxic Chinese medicine. MethodsReports about adverse reaction of 83 toxic Chinese medicines recorded in pharmacopeia according to traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) category were collated, analyzed and summarized. ResultsThe adverse reaction of toxic Chinese medicine involved nervous system, circulatory system, blood system, digestive system, respiratory system, urinary system, reproductive system, skin and accessories. For analysing the frequency of adverse reaction of toxic Chinese medicine, the most common adverse reaction was nervous system and the percentage was 23.6, the second one was digestive system and the percentage was 23.3, decreasing order was circulatory system, respiratory system, urinary system, reproductive system. skin and accessories. ConclusionNervous system and digestive system were the primary systems, the adverse reaction of toxic Chinese medicine also appeared at circulatory system, respiratory system and so on. Make clear the affected organs and the frequency of adverse reaction of toxic Chinese medicine, which has great significance for clinical rational use of these drugs and effective prevention and control of the adverse reactions. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Exploration on Use of Cluster Analysis Method in Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring：Based on Clindamycin Hydrochloride Injection Adverse Reaction Monitoring Data LU Chang-Fei, TIAN Yue-Jie* 2014, 11(1): 27-30.  Abstract ( 238 )   PDF (692KB) ( 158 )   ObjectiveTo explore the use of cluster analysis method in adverse drug reaction monitoring. MethodsIn order to define the characteristics of different manufacturers, the manufacturers were grouped by the cluster analysis method based on the clindamycin hydrochloride injection adverse reaction monitoring data which were in the charge of 9 manufacturers(coded as A to I). ResultsThe 9 manufacturers were classified as 4 groups according to the system-organ that adverse drug reactions attacked. There was great difference between the groups. The adverse reactions of certain drug had different characteristics in different group of manufacturers. ConclusionDifferent manufacturers' production process may lead to different adverse drug reactions. Cluster analysis method can be used in the adverse drug reaction monitoring. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application Research of FDA Event Problem Codes about Medical Devices ZHONG Ling, WANG Gang, WEN Qiang, LI Sui, DONG Fang 2014, 11(1): 31-34.  Abstract ( 271 )   PDF (545KB) ( 240 )   The U.S. Food and Drug Administration(FDA) implemented a new device problem codes in July 2009. In this paper, we presented an overview of the device problem codes and their structure, demonstrated device problem codes' practical significance to medical device risk assessment using the Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience(MAUDE) database, discussed the difficulties in applying the device problem codes to China considering the current conditions of medical device adverse events monitoring, and made suggestions for implementation using the device problem codes for reference. The objective of this paper was to provide some helpful information for establishment of the medical device failure terminology in China. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Diet Factor of Adverse Drug Reactions SONG Hai-bo, GUO Xiao-xin, REN Jing-tian DU Xiao-xi 2014, 11(1): 35-38.  Abstract ( 208 )   PDF (539KB) ( 430 )   Objective To explore the diet factor of adverse drug reactions. Methods The domestic and foreign diet-related adverse drug reactions reported in the literature were collected, and the mechanism was analyzed. Results Diet can affect drug physicochemical properties and pharmacokinetic properties. The synergistic or antagonistic interactions between diet and drug may affect the efficacy and toxicity of drugs. The diet-related adverse drug reactions may be associated with certain nutrient or multiple nutrients in the diet. Conclusion In order to provide data to support the clinical safety of medication, the research of diet factor of adverse drug reactions should be strengthened, and the impact of diet on drug efficacy and safety should be analyzed and summarized. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Investigation of Methods for Intensive Surveillance of Medical Device ZHAI Wei, GUAN Wei, MA Ning, WANG Xin, ZHONG Lei, JIAO Li-gong 2014, 11(1): 39-41.  Abstract ( 269 )   PDF (595KB) ( 374 )   ObjectiveTo investigate the connotation and the method of intensive surveillance for medical devices. MethodsPrevious studies of intensive surveillance of medical devices were summarized. Then, the main difference between routine monitoring and intensive surveillance for medical device was presented. The data analysis technique and its application to intensive surveillance was also provided. Resultsand ConclusionCurrently, there are three approaches for medical device intensive surveillance, which include sentinel surveillance based on forward-looking epidemiology research, strengthened routine monitoring and retrospective study based on research literature and monitoring data. Furthermore, the evaluations of case report and mass incidents are two key points of data analysis in intensive surveillance. To summarize the evidence in this work indicates that the combination of the aforementioned multiple methods in medical device intensive surveillance were necessary and helpful. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on Problems of Instructions of Chinese Traditional Patent Medicines Containing Toxic Ingredients CUI Rong-na, Guan Yu, JIN Feng 2014, 11(1): 42-44.  Abstract ( 254 )   PDF (652KB) ( 188 )   Through the study of current situation of Chinese traditional patent medicine containing toxic ingredient's instructions, analyze the problems in the use of Chinese traditional patent medicine containing toxic ingredient in western medical institutions and bring forward some concrete advises which will improve the quality and the rational application of Chinese traditional patent medicine containing toxic ingredients in western hospital, so as to contribute to the protection of human health. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of Imcompatibility between Ademetionine 1,4-butanedisulfonate and Cefoperazone/Sulbactam SHAO Yun 2014, 11(1): 45-46.  Abstract ( 376 )   PDF (622KB) ( 209 )   ObjectiveTo investigate whether ademetionine 1,4-butanedisulfonate and cefoperazone/sulbactam is imcompatible, and research how the white floccule emerged. MethodsBy controlled trial, apperance change was observed after combining each medicine with acid solution and alkaline solution, and apperance change was observed after combining the mixed liquid of two medicines with acid solution and alkaline solution. ResultsNo evident apperance change was observed by normal dispensing. cefoperazone/sulbactam solution immediately generated white precipitate after adding acid solution, and the white precipitate could be dissolved in alkaline solution. ConclusionThere was no precipitate after mixing the two medicines by normal dispensing, the reason of white precipitate was to dissolve transmetil incorrectly. The two medicines may be compatible by correct dispensing. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Strengthened Drug Education by Clinical pharmacist on Survival, Rehospitalization and Reoperation Rate of Coronary Heart Disease Patients YU Hao, ZHOU Yong-gang, LI Xiao-wei, WANG You-qun 2014, 11(1): 47-49.  Abstract ( 222 )   PDF (613KB) ( 226 )   Objective To compare the conventional medication education with strengthened medication education on survival, rehospitalization and reoperation rate of coronary heart disease patients. Methods We collected and analyzed 165 cases of hospitalized patients from January 1,2012 to May 31,2012, whose first diagnosis was CHD, coronary angiography showed stenosis <60%, never implanted any stents. They were divided into control group and intensive education group. Followed up patient survival, readmission and reoperation rate after 12 months, analyzed differences between two groups. Results Compared with the conventional, intensive education group readmission and reoperation rates were significantly reduced, but no significant difference in survival. Conclusion The strengthened medication education can significantly reduce readmission rates in patients with coronary heart disease and improve their quality of life and prolong life expectancy. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Comprehensive Interventions on Preventive Use of Antibacterials During Perioperative Period CUI Min, ZHONG Han, SU Ying-jie, PANG Xiao-yun, LIU Xiao-yan 2014, 11(1): 50-53.  Abstract ( 232 )   PDF (690KB) ( 106 )   ObjectiveIn order to standardize preventive use of antibacterials during perioperative period in our hospital, a control study was conducted to compare the preventive use of antibacterials in aseptic operation before-and-after interventions. MethodsAccording to retrospective method, 300 cases were randomly selected from the first quanter of 2010, the first quanter of 2011 and the first quanter of 2012, respectively. The preventive use of antibacterials in aseptic operation was analyzed and evaluated. ResultsAfter the intervention, the proportion of cases using antibacterial was obviously reduced, the antibacterial cost was decreased significantly, the rationality of antibacterial use was obviously enhanced. ConclusionThe comprehensive intervention measures to optimize the preventive use of antibacterials during perioperative period in our hospital are effective and feasible. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of Clinical Drug Event by HPLC and HPLC-MS ZHOU Ning, GAO Jun, WANG Hong-liang, LI Lin 2014, 11(1): 54-56.  Abstract ( 210 )   PDF (784KB) ( 234 )   ObjectiveTo analyze the color change event of omeprazole by pharmaceutical technology. MethodsThe contents of the mixed solution were determined using HPLC and HPLC-MS methods. ResultsThe result showed that omeprazole was mixed with ambroxolhydrochloride, which caused the color change reaction. No mixed solution was infused into the patient. ConclusionHPLC and HPLC-MS are applicable methods in the analysis of drug event. This study might serve as a reference for dealing with events alike. References | Related Articles | Metrics