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10 March 2012, Volume 9 Issue 3 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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Experimental Study on the "Dose-time-toxicity" Relationship of Hepatotoxicity Induced by Different Components from Herba Menthae in Mice LI Xiao-yu, SUN Rong 2012, 9(3): 129-132.  Abstract ( 230 )   PDF (424KB) ( 149 )   Objective To study the "dose-time-toxicity" relationship of hepatotoxicity caused by single dose peppermint oil and water extract of Herba Menthae to mice. Methods Mice are grouped according to different time or dose points, to observe the death condition and toxicity of mice, detect ALT, AST in serum, calculate liver, spleen, thymus index. Results Compared with the control group, ALT, AST level in serum of water extracted components are peaked after 12 hours' administration, and restored near normality after 48 hours; ALT, AST level in serum of water extract components are peaked after 8 hours' administration, and AST level in serum of water extract components are peaked after 8 hours' administration, and restored near normality after 48 hours; The peppermint oil of (0.2~0.5) mL·kg-1 and water extract of (3.0~64.0) g·kg-1 have obvious damage to the liver organization, and ALT, AST inserum increased significantly with the dose increasing. Conclusion The peppermint oil and water extract gavaged certain dose one time to mice could cause obvious acute hepatotoxicity, and there were certain time-toxicity and dose-toxicity relationships. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the Anti-inflammatory and Analgesic Activities of Extracts of Daphnes Cortex and Daphnes Folium KANG A-long, ZHANG-Xian, TANG Ying-shuang 2012, 9(3): 133-136.  Abstract ( 185 )   PDF (386KB) ( 189 )   Objective To study the Anti-inflammatory and Analgesic Activities of extracts of Daphnes Cortex and Daphnes Folium. Methods The anti-inflammatory effect was investigated by xylene-induced mice auricular swelling test and carrageenin-induced rat paw edema. Methods of acetic acid-induced writhing, hot-plate test in mice and tail-flick test were used to study the analgesic effect of Daphnes Cortex and Daphnes Folium． Results Daphnes Cortex and Daphnes Folium could reduce mice auricula swelling and rats foot-plate swelling. They could prolong the leg-licking time in mice provoked by hot-plate and inhibit acetic acid-induced-wring reaction in mice．It could obvious to improving the value of pain threshold in mice. Conclusion Daphnes Cortex and Daphnes Folium have a significant role in anti-inflammatory and analgesia． Daphnes Folium is more potent. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Leflunomide on the Shift of T Cells in Collagen-induced Arthritis Rats WANG Ting-yu, LI Jun, JIN Zhi-gui, WU Fei-hua, WANG Xiao-hua, ZHOU Qian 2012, 9(3): 137-139.  Abstract ( 199 )   PDF (479KB) ( 142 )   Objective This study was to investigate the effect of leflunomide on the shift of Th1 and Th2 cells in collagen-induced arthritis(CIA) rats. Methods CIA was induced, and leflunomide was given intragastrically to CIA rats. Histopathological examinations of joint synovim were scored after HE staining. The weight of the body and the spleen were measured to calculate the index of spleen. RT-PCR was used to determine the expression of T-bet and GATA-3 mRNA in the splenocytes of CIA rats. ELISA was used to detect the secretion of IFN-γ and IL-4 in Con A-induced splenocytes from CIA rats. Results Compared with model CIA rats, leflunomide(2 mg/kg/day, ig× 15 days) significantly decreased the scores of histopathological examinations of joint synovim and the index of spleen in CIA rats. Administration of leflunomide significantly improved the expression of GATA-3 mRNA and the secretion of IL-4, and decreased the expression of T-bet mRNA and the secretion of IFN-γ in Con A-induced splenocytes from CIA rats. Conclusion The inhibition of arthritis by leflunomide may be related to maintain the balance of Th subtypes. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the Maternal Exposure during Pregnancy and Infantile Hemangioma WANG Lin, MI Shuang-li, CHEN Jie, LIU Fang, LI Ying-chun, GUO Cai-hong, ZHANG Yong, FANG Qin-ying 2012, 9(3): 140-143.  Abstract ( 244 )   PDF (418KB) ( 241 )   Objective To explore the possible factors for infantile hemangiomas(IHs) with a focus on maternal exposure during pregnancy. MethodsA retrospective analysis was carried out on the neonatal mothers who gave birth to from January 1, 2010 to June 30, 2011 when they presented to the postpartum. All of them were invited to complete a questionnaire including maternal life history, diseases, drug administration and supplementation of multivitamin during pregnancy. Comparison of the maternal factors between the suffered and normal neonate group was conducted by using logistic regression analysis. ResultsDetail information of a total of 953 mothers was collected and 34 of infants were found developing IHs. The results revealed that the advanced maternal age, baby gender, progesterone and over-supplementation of multivitamin(Wald χ2 were 4.932、5.592、5.065、7.585 respectively, P value 0.026、0.018、0.024、0.006 respectively) were the potential factors for developing IHs while no significant difference was found in the paternal age, fever, upper respiratory infection and the administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(All P value >0.05). ConclusionBesides the advanced maternal age and baby gender as reported in foreign study, our study suggests that progesterone and over-supplementation of multivitamin may be possible factors for developing IHs. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Stata on the Experiment of Bacterial Resistance ZHANG Shao-jun,MO Chuan-wei,PENG Tuo-hua,ZHONG Shi-shun,YANG Tong 2012, 9(3): 144-145.  Abstract ( 220 )   PDF (371KB) ( 224 )   Objective This article introduce a new method to carry on the experiment of bacterial resistance design with the statistical software-stata. Methods Using the command group and the command replace achieve both equal and unequal probability allocations of the experiment of bacterial resistance. Using the swor command could ensure all samplings without repetitions. Results It's convenient to design the experiment of bacterial resistance with the help of Stata. Conclusion Compared with manual and excel allocations, Stata is a statistical software that is easy to learn, simple to operate and has high repeatability. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Discussion on the Technical Development Period of Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring in China SHEN Lu, LIU Wei, FAN Yan, WEN Qing-hui, HAI Ying, LI Xin-ling 2012, 9(3): 146-148.  Abstract ( 224 )   Adverse drug reaction(ADR) monitoring is the front line of drug administration especially of drug safety administration. It is the important responsibility of government to assure the drug safe usE on the public and promote the rational use. At the same time it is the signal of the level on drug administration and social progress. After over 20 years of ADR monitoring in China, the new Regulation for the Administration of Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting and Monitoring is published and come into effect. This article reviews the past, analyses the present, prospects the future, and marks the whole ADR monitoring into three phases the primary period, the developing period and the developed period in accordance with the increasing and transfer of the key ability of ADR monitoring. We think that the current ADR monitoring practice has completed the establishment of the primary period, and now is entering the developing period whose important character is to enhance the ability of reevaluation. Related Articles | Metrics

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An Introduction to and Application of International Conference on Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use E2B YE Xiao-fei, Guo Xiao-jing, ZHAO Lu, HE Jia 2012, 9(3): 149-151.  Abstract ( 1104 )   PDF (552KB) ( 979 )   More and more attention has been paid to the adverse drug reaction surveillance. Spontaneous reporting system has been developed in China and the authority has made great effort to improve the quality of surveillance. In this article, we presented a brief introduction to the International Conference on Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use, E2B. We expect that the adverse drug reaction surveillance in China will benefit a lot from this guideline. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Characteristic Analysis of Withdrawal of Dextropropoxyphene in the US LI Shan, WEI Jing, XU Yan, YANG Yue 2012, 9(3): 152-155.  Abstract ( 179 )   PDF (533KB) ( 129 )   Objective To analyze how FDA dealed with the withdrawal of dextropropoxyphene and its characteristics.MethodsAnalyze the background of the withdrawal of dextropropoxyphene, the investigation of adverse events of dextropropoxyphene and the measures taken by FDA by literature study. ResultsThe withdrawal of dextroprop-oxyphene is the direct result of scientific evidence. The risk management of dextropropoxyphene is perfect before its withdrawal. FDA attaches importance to risk communication and provides a stable environment to the withdrawal of dextropropoxyphene. ConclusionStudy and apply the risk management and evidence-based view is priority of our medicine management. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Perioperative Application of Prophylactic Antibacterial in 444 Patients Undergoing Type I Incision Operation ZHANG Shi-yong, YE Yun CHENG Jun, WANG Gang-bin, WANG Ru-qiang 2012, 9(3): 156-158.  Abstract ( 191 )   PDF (512KB) ( 286 )   Objective To investigate the prophylactic antibacterial used in patients with type I incision operation, to evaluate the proper usage and strengthen the management of prophylactic antibacterial application. MethodsPatients with type I incision operation were sampled from July to Dec． 2010 in a hospital． The general data and drug application of the patients were analyzed statistically by questionnaire． ResultsAmong all the 444 cases,444 cases used antibacterial for prophylaxis, the use rate was 100％. The utilizations of antibacterial were 12 cases、122 cases、63 cases respectively at 0.5~2h、2~24h and more than 24h before surgery, 247 cases were given antibacterial after surgery in the initial delivery time.374 cases of patients were treated by antibacterial beyond 3d． There were 82.43％ for one drug use、17.12％ for two antibacterial use and 0.45% for three drug use． ConclusionThere are some problems in the prophylactic antibacterial use for patients with type I incision operation in this hospital, such as the irrational indications of drug use, the high selection of prophylactic drug use, improper time of drug use, and the prolonged continuous drug use, which require strengthening the standardized management for prophylactic antibacterial use． References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Survey and Analysis of 86 Package Inserts of Chinese Patent drug ZHANG Jian-min 2012, 9(3): 159-160.  Abstract ( 230 )   PDF (520KB) ( 303 )   Objective To analyze the problems existing in the package inserts of Chinese patent drug for suggestion of its revise and for references of rational drug use in the clinic． Methods 86 package inserts of Chinese patent drug from our hospital were analyzed． Results The common problems existing in the package inserts of Chinese patent drug were characterized by absence of important items such as pharmacokinetics, medication of children and elder patients, medication of pregnant and lactation women, adverse drug reactions, drug interaction, contraindication, precautions, pharmacology and toxicity, etc, meanwhile the descriptions of some items were unclear thus hard to understand． Conclusion It is urgent to standardize the package inserts of Chinese patent drug． References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Experiences of Clinical Pharmacy in Basic Hospital DENG Yong-kun, YUAN Fang, WU Xiu-zhi, YU Li-mei 2012, 9(3): 161-163.  Abstract ( 206 )   PDF (516KB) ( 166 )   Objective To communicate experiences of clinical pharmacy in primary hospital. MethodsIntroduce writer's experience of basic hospital in 3 years. Resultsand ConclusionClinical pharmacist of basic hospital should correctly understand every work of clinical pharmacy. Insist making the rounds of the wards, although have to complete multiple works. Ensure high quality publication of pharmacy bulletin and excellent teaching about rational administration. Search the most suitable cut-in point for tackling clinical pharmacy in basic hospital. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Analysis of Reasons for the Drug Withdrawal of Outpatient Pharmacy in Rainbow Hospital ZHANG Yong, REN Li-hua CHENG Yue 2012, 9(3): 164-165.  Abstract ( 238 )   PDF (570KB) ( 257 )   Objective To provide some bases on safe use of drugs to reduce drug withdrawal and protect the patients' legitimate rights and interests by analyzing the reasons why the patients return the drugs to pharmacy of our hospital. MethodsThe variety and frequency of the drug withdrawal were recorded and made a statistics on the prescription information of the outpatient pharmacy for the year 2010. The reasons were analyzed according to the records of the drug withdrawal. ResultsIn 2010, the number of times of drug withdrawal was 128, and the main reasons are adverse reactions and doctors' repeated prescription. Among them, the adverse reaction of antibacterial drugs accounts for 19.53%. ConclusionBy statistical analysis of drug withdrawal in our hospital, three measures were concluded to reduce the occurrence of this phenomenon. Firstly, doctors should strengthen the communication with the patients; secondly, pharmacists should enhance the sense of responsibility; lastly, hospital must be strengthened in the construction of medical ethics and truly patient-centered to make the medical work quality get to a new level. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Reasonable Application of Anti-Cold Drugs on Special Population LING Yan, JIAO Lu-qing 2012, 9(3): 166-169.  Abstract ( 240 )   PDF (591KB) ( 356 )   Objective To supply references for reasonable application of anti-cold drugs on special population.MethodsTo analyze the ingredients of common anti-cold drugs and adverse drug reactions they caused by referring to New Pharmacology(17th edition), Pharmnet, Cqvip, Wanfang Database, etc., and online searching literatures on anti-cold drugs from 2000~2010. ResultsIf the drugs haven't been used reasonably, severe consequence may occur.ConclusionIt is necessary to pay much attention to the usage of anti-cold drugs on special population, for the aim of reasonable application of drugs. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Development on Toxicity of Asarum Related to Efficacy and Chemical Material Basis LUAN Yong-fu, LI Xiao-jiao-yang, SUN Rong 2012, 9(3): 170-172.  Abstract ( 223 )   PDF (615KB) ( 305 )   Objective To provide literature evidences asis and research ideas of efficacy and toxicity of the chemical composition of guided separation,control and efficacy, and the research on the "dose-effect relationship" and "dose-toxicity relationship” about the toxicial components. MethodsReferences in old days and in the last decades both at home and abroad about Asarum were collated,analyzed and summarized. ConclusionThe research on Asarum about the toxicity and margin of safety control based on the chemical separation and quality control about the effective material basis combined with the process of the effectiveness of expression,so as to provide consummating safety standards and putting forward early-warning scheme of adverse reaction,the early diagnosis and treatment measures that can be referred to clinical usage. Asarum will be ensured to use safety as a clinical drug. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Medicines and Vehicle Crashes ZHOU Mi-mei, GUO Mei, YIN Li-fang 2012, 9(3): 173-177.  Abstract ( 181 )   PDF (660KB) ( 198 )   Medicines that have known effects on the central nervous system, blood glucose levels, blood pressure, vision, or otherwise have the potential to interfere with driving skills have been termed "potentially driver-impairing" (PDI). These mcdicines include CNS depressants, antihistamine, antihypertensive drugs, hypoglycemics, pain relievers etc. PDI effects include sedation, drowsiness, dizziness, hypotension, hypoglycemia, blurred vision and loss of coordination. It is important to increase awareness among health care providers and drivers regarding the potential driver impairing effects of pharmaceutical use. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Literature Analysis of 97 Case Reports of Anaphylactic Shock Induced by Ceftriaxone Sodium WANG Jing-fen, SU Li-qun 2012, 9(3): 178-180.  Abstract ( 240 )   PDF (721KB) ( 343 )   Objective To investigate the characteristics and regularities of anaphylactic shock induced by ceftriaxone sodium and provide the clinical reference of the drug safety. MethodsData were collected from domestic published literatures between 2001 to 2010 and 97 case reports of anaphylactic shock induced by Ceftriaxone Sodium were analyzed retrospectively.Results87.6% of anaphylactic shock occurred in the first time use of Ceftriaxone Sodium and 67.1% of the reaction happened within 10 minutes of drug administration.The mortality rate of anaphylactic shock by Ceftriaxone Sodium were 18.6%. Clinical overuse and irrational combination of Ceftriaxone Sodium were found. ConclusionRational use of Ceftriaxone Sodium is important. Close observation of drug reaction and well preparation for anaphylactic shock are recommended. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on 19 Cases of Adverse Drug Reactions Caused by Shuanghuanglian Injection(Freeze-dried) LIN Ling, FENG Yun-yi 2012, 9(3): 181-183.  Abstract ( 247 )   PDF (704KB) ( 135 )   Objective To discuss the general pattern and characteristics of the adverse drug reactions(ADRs) induced by Shuanghuanglian injection(Freeze-dried) to provide guide for its rational use in the clinic. Methods711 patients used Shuanghuanglian injection(Freeze-dried) in our hospital from Oct.2009 to Nov.2010, a analysis was retrospectively investigated on 19 Shuanghuanglian injection(Freeze-dried) inducing ADR cases reported by this article. ResultsThe ADRs of Shuanghuanglian injection(Freeze-dried) were predominantly characterized by allergic reactions including skin rash、vomiting、chest distress, anaphylactic shock in 1 cases, most of the ADRs had quick onset and occurred in injecting, higher incidence in 15~64 age. ConclusionThe ADRs induced by Shuanghuanglian injection(Freeze-dried) assumed specific pattern and characteristics, therefore the rational use of Shuanghuanglian injection(Freeze-dried) should be emphasized. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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An Analysis of 164 Cases of Anticancer and Supplementary Drugs Adverse Reactions LIU Jia-tao, JIN Liang, WANG Yan-yan, ZHOU Ying, XIA Quan 2012, 9(3): 184-186.  Abstract ( 219 )   PDF (673KB) ( 272 )   Objective To provide reference for clinical rational drug use, the tumor patients's adverse drug reacton(ADR) occurrence and characteristics in our hospital were analyzed. MethodsIn this paper, 164 cases of patients with anti-tumor drug adverse reaction reports were retrospective analyzed on the age, sex, administration way, drug classes and clinical manifestations. ResultsThe results showed that adverse drug reacton mainly happened in the 40 years and old tumor patients. Cytotoxic drugs take the highest incidence. The clinical manifestations of adverse drug reacton in gastrointestinal reaction is given priority, followed by bone marrow inhibition. ConclusionAdverse drug reacton monitoring and reporting work which ensure patients safely use their drugs is the medical staff, especially the clinical pharmacists important task. References | Related Articles | Metrics