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Clinical Effect of Continuous High-dose Convalescent Plasma Therapy for Rapidly Progressing COVID-19 ZHANG Tingyu, GE Ziruo, QIAN Fang, SONG Meihua, LI Xingang, TIAN Di, XU Yanli, CHEN Zhihai, ZHANG Wei 2021, 18(9): 801-805.  DOI: 10.19803/j.1672-8629.2021.09.01 Abstract ( 218 )   PDF (1817KB) ( 150 )   Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of convalescent plasma at different doses against cases of rapidly-progressing COVID-19. Methods Twenty-eight cases of COVID-19 who were hospitalized in Beijing Ditan Hospital between January 20, 2020 and January 31, 2021 and treated with convalescent plasma were retrospectively investigated. By means of propensity score matching, 28 patients in the convalescent plasma group and 53 patients in the non-convalescent plasma group were obtained. The treatment group was divided into the low-dose group (<1 200mL), medium-dose group (≥1 200mL,<2 000mL) and high-dose group (≥2 000mL) according to the doses of convalescent plasma. The difference in the recovery time, clinical improvement time, imaging inflammatory absorption time and nucleic acid negative conversion time was compared between these groups. Results Compared with the non-convalescent plasma group, the convalescent plasma group exhibited significantly reduced recovery time (P=0.004), clinical improvement time (P=0.006), and imaging inflammatory absorption time (P<0.001). Continuous high-dose of convalescent plasma contributed more to the recovery and clinical improvement of COVID-19 than the medium (P=0.002; P=0.044) and low dose (P<0.001; P=0.002). Conclusion For patients with rapidly-progressing COVID-19, continuous high-dose convalescent plasma therapy can promote recovery and clinical improvement. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A Comparative Study of Chinese and American Orange Books Based on the 5W Model LI Yiyun, LIAO Caiyun, PAN Jing, WEN Baoshu 2021, 18(9): 806-809.  DOI: 10.19803/j.1672-8629.2021.09.02 Abstract ( 226 )   PDF (1116KB) ( 210 )   Objective To compare the similarities and differences between the Chinese and American Orange Books from the perspective of communication in order to contribute to the improvement of the Chinese Orange Book. Methods The 5W model, which was the classic theoretical model in the field of communication, was used. The related factors were divided into Who, Says What, In Which Channel, To Whom and with What Effect. Through literature research, the differences in various factors of communication between Chinese and American Orange Books were analyzed. Results There was some gap in management organizations, content, distribution channels, audience and effectiveness between the American Orange Book and the Chinese Orange Book. Conclusion It is recommended that the Chinese Orange Book be updated in line with the current drug supervision in China and by learning from the American Orange Book. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Dissemination Processes of the Chinese Orange Book: An Empirical Study LIAO Caiyun, LI Yiyun, YAO Wenbing, WEN Baoshu 2021, 18(9): 810-812.  DOI: 10.19803/j.1672-8629.2021.09.03 Abstract ( 176 )   PDF (1177KB) ( 139 )   Objective To explore the feedback from professionals in Chinese pharmaceutical industry related to the dissemination process of the Chinese Orange Book and to analyze the obstacles to the implimentation of the Chinese Orange Book. Methods The 5W model, which is the classic theoretical model in the field of communication, was used to summarize the factors for research and design the questionnaire. Drug regulatory agencies, pharmaceutical manufacturers and related academic institutions were investigated as the subjects. Results A total of 320 valid questionnaires were collected and the survey data showed that the dissemination process of Chinese Orange Book needed to be improved. Conclusion Based on the data analysis, recommendations on how to improve the dissemination process of the Chinese Orange Book were offered from the perspective of disseminators, dissemination content, media and audience. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluation Code under the Framework of American Orange Book LI Yiyun, LIAO Caiyun, WEN Baoshu 2021, 18(9): 813-816.  DOI: 10.19803/j.1672-8629.2021.09.04 Abstract ( 157 )   PDF (1203KB) ( 125 )   Objective To outline the therapeutic equivalence evaluation code (TE) under the framework of American Orange Book in order to offer some tips on quality and efficacy consistency evaluations of generic drugs in China. Methods The composition, coding rules and significance of the code were studied based on the background of the Orange Book and therapeutic equivalence evaluations in the United States.Ways to improve therapeutic equivalence evaluations in China were proposed. Results and Conclusion The implementation of TE will be of great help to medical institutions, the public, and drug regulatory agencies. In China, it is both necessary and possible to mark TE in the Catalogue of China Approved Drug Products. China's drug regulatory agencies should base their decisions on the current therapeutic equivalence evaluations of drugs in China, learn from other countries, and formulate rules and procedures for TE in line with the realities in China. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Pharmaceutical Patent Information under the Framework of American Orange Book SHA Mingquan, Li Yiyun, WEN Baoshu 2021, 18(9): 817-820.  DOI: 10.19803/j.1672-8629.2021.09.05 Abstract ( 178 )   PDF (1111KB) ( 149 )   Objective To provide reference for China's establishment of a drug patent information retrieval system and for the improvement of the drug patent linkage system in China through research on the patent information in the American Orange Book. Methods The patent information included in the American Orange Book and the management mechanisms for the submission, modification, and deletion of patent information were analyzed. Results Pharmaceutical patent information was an important part of drug regulatory information. Improving the authenticity and accuracy of patent registration information was a long-term undertaking that requires continuous optimization. Conclusion It is recommended that the collection and release of drug patent information continue to be improved in line with the actual situation in China, and that pharmaceutical companies compete on an equal footing so as to leave pharmaceutical companies more motivated for and confident about drug R&D and innovation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation of Psychological Dependency Potential of Dexmedetomidine in Rats in a Self-administration Study CHEN Ying, Wang Lijin, LI Liang, JIA Yanli, WANG Yu, LI Zike, WEI Na, HAN Gang, WU Chunqi, DONG Yansheng 2021, 18(9): 821-825.  DOI: 10.19803/j.1672-8629.2021.09.06 Abstract ( 128 )   PDF (1258KB) ( 79 )   Objective To evaluate the psychological dependence potential of DEX at an effective or higher dose by using self-administration in rats. Methods The dose design, grouping information and training procedures were as follows:①Self-training test: Thirty male SD rats that had their jugular vein access established were selected and randomly divided into three groups: the vehicle group, D-methamphetamine hydrochloride group (MA group) and DEX group. The rats in the vehicle group were injected intravenously with sodium chloride solution (0.25 mL/kg/infusion), those in the MA group with MA solution (dosage of 0.05 mg/kg/infusion), and those in the DEX group with DEX preparation (7 μg/kg/infusion (Day 1), 1 μg/kg/infusion (Day 2), 0.5 μg/kg/infusion (Day 3~7). The rats were trained for self-administration for 2 hours on each of the seven days under FR1.②Substitution test: During the self-training test, MA was substituted by DEX preparation (0.5 μg/kg/infusion) for 6 days before MA was given for 10 days as recovery training. The numbers of active pokes and times of infusion were recorded. Results ①Self-training test: According to the results of 7 days of training, the numbers of active pokes and times of infusion on Days 2 to 7 in the MA group were increased significantly compared with the control group (P≤ 0.05), suggesting that a proper test model was established that could be used to evaluate psychological dependence potential of DEX. The numbers of active pokes and times of infusion on Day 1 and Days 3 to 7 in the DEX group hardly changed (P > 0.05), which indicated that DEX did not induce psychological dependence potential. ②Substitution test: There was a significant decrease (P≤0.05) in the numbers of active pokes and times of infusion in the DEX group during the substitution except for Day 1, but there was a significant increase (P≤0.05) in the numbers of active pokes and times of infusion in the MA group during recovery except for the first 2 days, indicating that DEX could neither maintain the reinforcing effect of MA nor possess the psychological dependence potential of MA. Conclusion DEX itself does not have any positive reward effect or psychological dependence potential, so it cannot cause addiction or maintain the reinforcing effect of MA in this study. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Main Characteristic Components of Glycyrrhiza inflate Bat. with Chemometrics CHEN Jia, NIE Lixing, CHENG Xianlong, HU Xiaoru, WEI Feng, MA Shuangcheng 2021, 18(9): 826-830.  DOI: 10.19803/j.1672-8629.2021.09.07 Abstract ( 110 )   PDF (1659KB) ( 68 )   Objective To identify the main characteristic components of Glycyrrhiza inflate Bat. which distinguish this herbal medicine from Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch., and to provide reference for quality control of Glycyrrhiza inflate Bat. Methods Ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS) technology was used to detect the composition of Glycyrrhiza inflate Bat. and Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. Combined with data analysis software, principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares analysis (OPLS-DA) were conducted to analyze the collected data in order to reveal the difference in compounds between Glycyrrhiza inflate Bat. and Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. A high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was established for the determination of the main characteristic components of Glycyrrhiza inflate Bat. and Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. Results Licochalcone A, licochalcone B, echinatin and glabrol were identified as the main characteristic components of Glycyrrhiza inflate Bat. that were different from those of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. An HPLC method for simultaneous determination of the above characteristic components was established. Conclusion This method has proved applicable to determination of licochalcone A, licochalcone B, echinatin and glabrol in Glycyrrhiza inflate Bat., thus contributing to quality control of Glycyrrhiza inflate Bat. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Identification of Chemical Substances in Fuzheng Guben Granules Based on UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS Technique TONG Liguo, NIU Yanyan, JIA Lili, WANG Ruoyu, SONG Meiqing, XIA Zhaodi, FENG Mali, WANG Xinwen, JI Haijie 2021, 18(9): 831-836.  DOI: 10.19803/j.1672-8629.2021.09.08 Abstract ( 100 )   PDF (1420KB) ( 66 )   Objective To analyze the chemical constituents in Fuzheng Guben granules using ultra performance liquid chromatography electrospray ion source quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS). Methods The chromatographic column of Acquity UPLC HSS T3 C18 (2.1×100 mm, 1.8 μm) was used. The mobile phase was 0.1% formic acid methanol solution (A)-0.1% formic acid aqueous solution (B) in gradient elution, the flow rate 0.2 ml/min, and the column temperature was 40 ℃. The positive and negative ion modes of each component were determined respectively by Xevo G2-XS ESI ion source. According to such parameters as the retention time, molecular accurate mass number and secondary mass spectrum fragments, Unifi software was used to analyze the fragmentation mode of each component, while the reference chemical component database and literature data were used to analyze the detected chemical components. Results Fifty-six compounds were identified, including 29 flavonoids, 9 anthraquinones, 2 stilbene glycosides, 6 terpenes, 3 saponins and 7 other components. Conclusion This method can identify various chemical components of Fuzheng Guben granules quickly and accurately, which provides data for finding effective substances and establishing methods for total quality control. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Changes of Drug Regulatory Concepts in Evidenced by Enactment and Revision of the Drug Administration Law XIA Dongsheng, TIAN Chunhua, WANG Tao 2021, 18(9): 837-844.  DOI: 10.19803/j.1672-8629.2021.09.09 Abstract ( 385 )   PDF (1294KB) ( 453 )   Objective To boost the implementation of the Drug Administration Law. Methods The backgrounds and changes of the three versions of the Drug Administration Law during enactment and revision were analyzed and compared. Results The enactment and revision of the Drug Administration Law were true reflections of the historical background and demand of drug regulation in China. The changes of the contents in the three versions aligned with the changes of China's notions of drug regulation. The Drug Administration Law(2019) embodied the latest concepts, such as people-centeredness, innovation and development, alignment with international practice, drug lifecycle management, risk prevention and control, scientific supervision and strict implementation of the General Secretary's“four strictest”requirements. Conclusion A keen insight into the general idea of drug regulation in China is of great significance to the implementation of the Drug Administration Law and the protection and promotion of public health. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Drug Risk Communication among Drug Regulatory Agencies in the European Union, the United States and Asia ZHANG Dan, LYU Jintao, SONG Haibo, ZHANG Bing, JIN Yongnan, SA Rina, ZHANG Xiaomeng, LIN Zhijian 2021, 18(9): 845-849.  DOI: 10.19803/j.1672-8629.2021.09.10 Abstract ( 235 )   PDF (1395KB) ( 287 )   Objective To provide reference for the establishment of modes of drug risk communication in China by analyzing the current ways of drug risk communication in Asian countries, and by comparing the related contents and forms in China with those of the European Union and the United States. Methods By reviewing domestic and foreign literature, retrieving the guidelines, specifications, laws and regulations related to drug risk communication in Asia, browsing the official websites of drug regulatory authorities and other websites in Asia, information on related institutions, laws and regulations, communication channels, information released, and ways of development was harvested. Results The system of drug risk communication in Europe and the United States was relatively perfect. Some countries in East Asia and Southeast Asia became aware of the importance of drug risk communication and constructed effective modes of drug risk communication. Conclusion The construction of drug risk communication systems Could be strengthened to guarantee safe and rational drug use. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Developments and Suggestions on Cosmetics Adverse Reaction Monitoring in China LI Lan, KONG Fanyao, ZHU Ying, SHEN Lu 2021, 18(9): 850-854.  DOI: 10.19803/j.1672-8629.2021.09.11 Abstract ( 408 )   PDF (1204KB) ( 351 )   Objective To review the developments of and problems with cosmetics adverse reaction monitoring in China. Methods The history of cosmetics adverse reaction monitoring in China was reviewed and the existing problems were analyzed and discussed. Results The management system and monitoring system of cosmetics adverse reactions have been basically established. Professionals in cosmetics adverse reaction monitoring are working hard to serve supervision and popularize the related science. Conclusion It is recommended that the standard system of the cosmetics adverse reactions be improved, the monitoring system be strengthened and the responsibilities of cosmetics registrants and filing persons be fully implemented so as to boost the development of cosmetics adverse reaction monitoring. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Current Policies and Evaluation of Antimicrobial Management ZHU Yulei, LI Xin 2021, 18(9): 855-859.  DOI: 10.19803/j.1672-8629.2021.09.12 Abstract ( 273 )   PDF (1307KB) ( 185 )   Objective To summarize research findings related to effect evaluation of antimicrobial management policies at home and abroad in order to provide reference for the formulation of better policies on antimicrobial management and for related research. Methods Related databases were searched for literature and documents on the implementation of antimicrobial management policies that were published between January 2011 and February 2020. Results A total of 155 studies were finally collected, including 96 papers in Chinese and 59 ones in English. The evaluation system was far from full-fledged in China, research was mainly conducted in a single center, the sample representation was poor, and in-depth analysis of the influencing factors of policy interventions was scarce. Conclusion It is suggested that the evaluation system of antimicrobial policies and interventions should be further improved, and that multi-centered collaborative research be carried out at home based on nationwide antimicrobial use and bacterial resistance monitoring networks. Factors that can influence policy interventions need to be studied in order to find out what factors are positive or negative. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Investigation of Public Perceptions of Drug Use Risks SUN Xuelin, ZHANG Yatong, HU Xin 2021, 18(9): 860-863.  DOI: 10.19803/j.1672-8629.2021.09.13 Abstract ( 222 )   PDF (1134KB) ( 232 )   Objective To investigate the public awareness of drug use risks, risk-handling methods, and channels and ways to access drug information. Methods Qualitative data was obtained via an online survey, and the subjects were compared by age, gender, levels of education, and financial status. The survey involved levels of knowledge of adverse drug reactions, willingness to accept risks, ways to seek information about adverse drug reactions, and interpretations of adverse drug reactions. Results The study found that 86.70% of the subjects knew something about adverse drug reactions and experienced them during medication, but they did not obtain sufficient information on drug risks (83.00%). In case of side effects, 80.00% of the subjects would seek advice from a doctor or pharmacist. 71.75% of the respondents reported that doctors and pharmacists did not provide enough information about drug safety. 52.66% of them believed that medication had to be discontinued in the event of adverse drug reactions. Drug instructions (27.81%), doctors (21.38%) and online social media (20.19%) were currently the three main means to harvest drug information. The public believed that the government regulatory agencies should be notified (92.23%) when an adverse drug reaction occurs, and that the pharmaceutical company should add this information to the drug insert (87.43%) or feed the information back to the medical institution (32.47%). 79.81% of the public would be reluctant to read drug instructions because the doctor had explained the usage of the drug.Conclusion The public remains ill-informed of the safety of drug use, so there is the need to make related information more accessible. Doctors, pharmacists and online media are the main sources for the public to obtain information on drug use. Government regulatory agencies and pharmaceutical companies should work together to improve the safety of drug use. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Adverse Reactions of Lianhua Qingwen Capsules/Granules: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis LIU Bo, WANG Xue, GUAN Shaochen, AN Moran, MU Yajie, YU Haixia, LI Yonglin, ZHANG Yatong 2021, 18(9): 864-868.  DOI: 10.19803/j.1672-8629.2021.09.14 Abstract ( 403 )   PDF (1243KB) ( 299 )   Objective To systematically assess the reporting rate and characteristics of adverse drug reactions (ADR) during clinical use of Lianhua Qingwen capsules/granules. Methods The CNKI, Wanfang platform, CQVIP, SinoMed and PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane library were searched systematically for related literature that had been published by July 7, 2020. The quality of literature was evaluated using the recommendations of Cochrane ADR method group in order to assess the quality elements of injury evidence. Meta-analysis was carried out with STATA software. Results A total of 12 039 patients were included in this study, and 531 cases of ADR were reported, so the total reporting rate of ADR was 2.37% (95%CI: 1.64%~3.21%). The reporting rate of ADR increased with time, especially in the RCT study. The main manifestations of ADR were gastrointestinal system damage (361 cases/67.98%), nervous system damage (36 cases/6.78%) and skin and its appendages damage (29 cases/5.46%). Combined medications (2.79%) had a higher reporting rate of ADR than the single use (1.92%). Conclusion To reduce the cases of ADR, the monitoring of clinical use of Lianhua Qingwen should be strengthened. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of Risks of Longbishu Preparation PANG Yu, ZHU Lan, WANG Tao, YU Hongli, SHAO Bo, LIU Bo 2021, 18(9): 869-871.  DOI: 10.19803/j.1672-8629.2021.09.15 Abstract ( 170 )   PDF (1073KB) ( 82 )   Objective To analyze the risk of Longbishu preparations, especially the liver injury risk, in order to provide reference for clinical safe drug use. Methods Individual adverse drug reaction cases in China retrieved from the adverse drug reaction database and domestic literature were analyzed. Results Longbishu preparations could possibly cause nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, stomach discomfort, dizziness, thirst, fatigue, liver dysfunction and other adverse reactions. Conclusion The monitoring of clinical use of Longbishu preparations should be upgraded. Marketing authorization holders are expected to update the drug label information and promote the safe use of medicineto ensure the safety of drug users. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Routes of Administration Described in Specifications of 236 Types of Intravenous Injections LUO Yichong, CAI Liping, PU Yanfang, ZHAO Jinhua 2021, 18(9): 872-875.  DOI: 10.19803/j.1672-8629.2021.09.16 Abstract ( 185 )   PDF (1153KB) ( 193 )   Objective To investigate how routes of administration are described in the specifications of intravenous injections in order to provide reference for clinical rational drug use and prevent off-label use of medicines. Methods The routes of administration of 236 types of intravenous injections described in the specifications were statistically analyzed, and the difference in the descriptions of how these intravenous injections were administered was studied. Results The descriptions about routes of administration of eleven of these intravenous injections were non-standard in the specifications (4.7%), and intravenous injection and intravenous infusion were not clearly defined. Conclusion Non-standard descriptions of routes of administration in the specifications of intravenous injections are an urgent issue to be addressed by enterprises and related departments of the National Medical Products Administration. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical Characteristics of Shengmai Injection Based on the Hospital Information System in the Real World YAO Yamin, YAO Di, CHEN Yanqiu, LIU Li 2021, 18(9): 876-879.  DOI: 10.19803/j.1672-8629.2021.09.17 Abstract ( 119 )   PDF (1360KB) ( 99 )   Objective To study the characteristics of clinical use of Shengmai Injection in the real world, and to provide reference for standardizing its clinical use. Methods Based on the hospital information system, 1014 cases of inpatients who received Shengmai Injection between October 1, 2017 and May 31, 2019 were selected and their basic information, diagnostic data, clinical drug use, drug combinations and adverse drug reactions were analyzed with statistical software before association analysis of combined medications was performed by the Apriori algorithm. Results 560 of these cases were male (55.23%), 454 were female (44.77%), and the average age was 62.67 years old. Most of them were treated in Departments of Endocrinology, Emergency and Neurology. Shengmai Injection was mainly used for diabetes mellitus in western medicine, but for Xiao Ke disease(446 cases,43.98%)with syndromes of both Qi -Yin deficiency(450 cases,44.38%) in TCM. All the patients were administered by intravenous drip with a single dose of 20-60ml (96.8%). The course of treatment usually lasted 1-14 days (97.69%) with an average of 5.7 days. The drugs most commonly used in combination with Shengmai Injection were insulin injection, metformin tablets and atorvastatin calcium tablets. Conclusion The clinical use of Shengmai Injection conforms to theories of TCM. The usage and dosage basically follow drug instructions and the combination of drugs is relatively well-grounded. However, off-label use can be found so that doctors should standardize drug use and ensure the safety of medication. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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91 Cases of Adverse Reactions Caused by Osteopeptide and Compound Injection of Osteopeptide LI Erping 2021, 18(9): 880-882.  DOI: 10.19803/j.1672-8629.2021.09.18 Abstract ( 163 )   PDF (1111KB) ( 104 )   Objective To analyze the adverse drug reactions (ADRs) caused by osteopeptide and compound osteopeptide injection in an area so as to provide reference for safe and rational use of drugs. Methods The 91 cases of adverse drug reactions associated with osteopeptide and compound osteopeptide injection collected between January 1, 2005 and October 31, 2019 in an area were analyzed retrospectively. Results Male patients outnumbered female ones (62.64% vs 37.36%). ADRs occurred regardless of age. More than half of the 91case reports involved glucose injection that was used as a solvent (52.75%). Most of the serious adverse events occurred within 30 minutes of medication (42.86%). Skin and appendage damage was the dominant clinical manifestation. Most of the patients were cured after treatment. Conclusion Osteopeptide and compound osteopeptide injection should be used in line with instructions. The conditions of patients should be closely observed within 30 minutes of medication in order to minimize adverse drug reactions. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical Characteristics and Rationality of Medication among IgA Nephropathy Outpatients in a Rehabilitation Center SHEN Jingping 2021, 18(9): 883-886.  DOI: 10.19803/j.1672-8629.2021.09.19 Abstract ( 122 )   PDF (1123KB) ( 64 )   Objective To find out about the drug composition, characteristics of medication and rationality of prescriptions among patients with IgA nephropathy so as to provide reference for clinical rational drug use. Methods From January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2019, 18 6111 prescriptions for nephrotic outpatients and 809 148 medication orders were collected, including 4 326 prescriptions and 13 542 medication orders for IgA nephropathy. The drug categories, dosage and composition of different drug categories specified in prescriptions for IgA nephropathy were statistically analyzed. Results The proportion of traditional Chinese medicine and Chinese patent medicine was much higher than that of chemical medicine and western medicine (78.4% vs 21.6%). Chinese patent medicine was mainly used for IgA nephropathy, supplemented by drugs that could invigorate the spleen and kidney, clear heat and detoxification, and tonify the lung and kidney. Chemical medicine and western medicine were mainly used to reduce proteinuria and blood pressure. It was found that there were 73 improper prescriptions, accounting for 1.7% of the total, which were mainly manifested as nonstandard prescription writing and prescriptions of inappropriate drugs. Conclusion Traditional Chinese medicine is combined with western medicine in the treatment of IgA nephropathy in our hospital, and medication is basically well-grounded. The proportion of traditional Chinese medicine and traditional Chinese patent medicine is high, but there are cases of irrational medication. It is critical to keep an eye on prescriptions and standardize clinical medications. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Pharmaceutical Care of a Patient Suspected to Be Allergic to Meropenem and Treated with Imipenem/Cisstatine Sodium MA Xue, QI Tingting, YU Wentao 2021, 18(9): 887-889.  DOI: 10.19803/j.1672-8629.2021.09.20 Abstract ( 176 )   PDF (1052KB) ( 102 )   Objective To investigate the pharmaceutical care of one patient allergic to carbapenems and analyze the occurrence and mechanism of cross-reactivity betweenβ-lactams and carbapenems. Methods The medication of an elderly male patient who had been treated with meropenem following severe abdominal infection after colon cancer surgery and developed skin rash was analyzed. The patient was then treated with imipenem acetaminophen sodium in conjunction with anti-allergy drugs and pharmaceutical care. Results After twenty days of anti-infection treatment, the patient’s rash subsided and there were no other allergic reactions before he was discharged after improvement. Conclusion Limited studies have shown that the occurrence of allergies is mainly related to the side chain. If carbapenem has to be used, cautious administration of an alternative carbapenem should be considered for patients with previous allergy to another carbapenem. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Hemoptysis and Arrhythmia Induced by Apatinib: A Case Report QING Xiaoyan, ZENG Xiaomei 2021, 18(9): 890-893.  DOI: 10.19803/j.1672-8629.2021.09.21 Abstract ( 163 )   PDF (908KB) ( 177 )   Objective To analyze the characteristics of adverse reactions in the treatment of advanced sarcomas with apatinib. Methods One case of ADRs in a patient with advanced myxofibrosarcoma was summarized and the relevant literature was reviewed. Results Apatinib has been shown to prolong the progression-free survival of patients with advanced sarcomas after failure of standard multimodality therapies. In this case, advanced myxofibrosarcoma was treated with multiple lines and then with apatinib, with a progression-free survival of 5 months. In the course of treatment, the patient suffered from hemoptysis and arrhythmia that were considered to have been caused by adverse drug reactions. Arrhythmia was corrected two weeks after drug withdrawal, and incomplete intestinal obstruction occurred in this patient at the later stage. The dosage of apatinib was reduced, and postoperative intestinal obstruction was gradually ameliorated. Then, the patient suffered from III thrombocytopenia, so severe bone marrow suppression was considered. A series of other adverse reactions also occurred so that the usage and dosage of apatinib were adjusted dynamically, and to good effect. Conclusion The clinical use of apatinib against advanced sarcomas should be monitored more vigorously. Quick and accurate diagnosis of the related symptoms and targeted treatment plans are critical to the safety of patients. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Psychosis Induced by Teicoplanin: A Case Report SHEN Xiuxiu, ZHOU Nan, ZHANG Wei, ZHANG Jianghong, LI Youjia 2021, 18(9): 894-897.  DOI: 10.19803/j.1672-8629.2021.09.22 Abstract ( 164 )   PDF (898KB) ( 120 )   Objective To analyze one case of psychosis induced by teicoplanin in order to call clinical attention to adverse reactions caused by teicoplanin. Methods The process of diagnosis and treatment of a patient with mental disorder in the course of treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection with teicoplanin was analyzed. Through literature review and analysis, the main causes of mental disorder induced by teicoplanin were described. Results This case of psychosis was likely induced by teicoplanin. Conclusion The concentration of teicoplanin among critically ill patients, especially those with hypoalbuminemia, is highly variable. An appropriate dose should be given on the basis of the patient’s weight and albumin so that the adverse reactions caused by high blood concentration could be prevented. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Acute Skin Rash and Swelling Induced by Compound Ipratropium Bromide Solution for Inhalation：A Case Report YU Shan, JIANG Li, LI Bo, WU Ni, WANG Qianru 2021, 18(9): 898-900.  DOI: 10.19803/j.1672-8629.2021.09.23 Abstract ( 233 )   PDF (1051KB) ( 151 )   Objective To analyze the adverse drug reactions (ADR) induced by the compound ipratropium bromide solution for inhalation in order to provide reference for safe clinical use of drugs. Methods One case of a baby with bronchopneumonia who developed skin rash around his lips during treatment was reported. The baby's face and lips turned red and swollen. The cause of these symptoms was explored via retrospective analysis and correlation analysis of ADR. Results It was found that the above symptoms were ADR induced by the ipratropium bromide solution for inhalation, which could be effectively ameliorated with proper treatment. Conclusion ADR among babies caused by the ipratropium bromide solution for inhalation are seldom reported, and immediate skin rash is quite rare. Such ADR deserve more attention in clinical practice to ensure safe use of drugs among young babies. References | Related Articles | Metrics