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10 September 2011, Volume 8 Issue 9 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Preparation of Runchang Tablet by Microencapsulation and Experiment Study on Its Pharmacodynamics ZHANG Hong-xu, YANG Jun-ying, FENG Shi-lan 2011, 8(9): 513-514.  Abstract ( 212 )   PDF (270KB) ( 170 )   Objective To study the preparation of Runchang tablet and its effects on lubricating intestine and facilitating bowel movements. Methods Runchang tablet was made from Runchang pill by the means of Microencapsulation. and it was detected in terms of morphology,tablet weight variation and disintegration. Using the tests of intestine moisture、small intestine driving and bowel movements, the effects of Runchang tablet on the function of intestine of mouse was investigated, and its pharmacological action was discussed. Results Runchang tablet manifested faint yellow tablet and its test was in line with standards specified Chinese pharmacopeia(2010 edition). Runchang tablet(4g·kg-1) could obviously facilitate the intestine moisture、small intestine driving and bowel movements of mouse(P<0.01), and its pharmacological action was superior to that of Runchang pill(P<0.05). It(2g·kg-1)could enforce the intestine moisture and small intestine driving of mouse distinctly(P<0.01), and this action was also superior to that of Runchang pill(P<0.05), of course, it could apparently increase bowel movements of mouse, too(P<0.05). Conclusion The pharm-acological action of Runchang tablet is superior to that of Runchang pill. This shows that the preparation of Runchang tablet designed by this paper is correct, effectual, and controllable in quality. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A Clinical Study of the Adverse Drug Reactions of Bisoprolol WANG Yi-yang, WANG Yi-fan, GAO Zhen-ying 2011, 8(9): 515-517.  Abstract ( 218 )   PDF (291KB) ( 382 )   Objective To investigate the adverse drug reactions of Bisoprolol. Methods 216 cases of 1-2 level of essential hypertension patient, everyone of them takes the Bisoprolol tablet 2.5mg orally in the morning everyday. Patients were followed up once a week. If blood pressure has not been lowered to 140/90 mmHg following within 2 weeks, dosages are increased by take turns till 5 mg, 7.5mg, 10 mg, until effective dose or 10mg dosage full 8 weeks. Results 61 cases appeared adverse drug reactions, the incidence is 28.24%. for daily oral administration of 2.5-5.0mg, adverse drug reactions occurred in 16 cases, accounting for 11.59%. for daily oral administration of 7.5-10.0mg of 45 cases of adverse drug reaction occurred, accounting for 57.69%. There was a significant difference between the two groups(T=7.41,P<0.001). Stop Bisoprolol incidence of orally, and both have also the extremely remarkable different(T=4.78,P<0.001). Conclusion Bisoprolol incidence rate of adverse drug reactions and discontinuation treatment due to adverse drug reactions are higher. And it mostly occurs in the cardiovascular system, but most were relatively mild and tolerable, or may adhere to drug treatment, or rapid recovery after drug withdrawal, indicating Bisoprolol of more security. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the Content of Bupleurum Saikosaponin Substances and Acute Toxicity of Different Refining Process from the Bupleurum Saikosaponin LI Su-jun, SUN Rong 2011, 8(9): 518-520.  Abstract ( 181 )   PDF (420KB) ( 186 )   Objective To discuss the effect of refining process on the content and acute toxicity of Bupleurum saikosaponin substances and to determine the main toxical substance basis of Bupleurum by comparing the type of resins and the elution chromatography, as well as the concentration of elution solvent. Methods To determine the content of saikosaponin a and the acute toxicity of different refining process on the total Bupleurum Saikosaponin in accordance with HPLC method and the classical acute toxicity test methods. Results Calculated by the content of saikosaponin a, we found that the type of macro porous resin D101 and the 70% alcohol elutropic fraction is the better refining process. The effect of acute toxicity is 70% alcohol elutropic fraction> 50% alcohol elutropic fraction>30% alcohol fraction>80% alcohol elutropic fraction>water elutropic fraction>95% alcohol elutropic fraction. Conclusion There are significant differences on the contents of saikosaponin a and the toxicity, and there is some relevance between the toxicity and the Bupleurum saikosaponin substances content. We found that the best refining process of enriching the Bupleurum saikosaponin is using the macroporous resin D101 and the 70% alcohol elutropic fraction. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical Efficacy Analysis of Amoxicillin/clavulanic Potassium Combined Levofloxacin in the treatment of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) WANG Xiao, LIU Xing, WANG Lu 2011, 8(9): 521-523.  Abstract ( 252 )   PDF (381KB) ( 269 )   Objective To observe and evaluate the clinical effect of amoxicillin/clavulanate potassium combined levofloxacin in multi-drug resistant tuberculosis(MDR-TB). Methods 101 cases of retreatment smear-positive MDR-TB patients were randomly divided into treatment group(52 patients) and control group(49 patients); chemotherapy: the treatment group based on amoxicillin/clavulanate potassium and levofloxacin, associated with pyrazinamide, ethambutol, aminosalicylic acid isoniazid and rifampicin spray bite; The control group based on levofloxacin, combination therapy is same with the treatment group; The treatment course of all cases is 12 months. Results 5 patients were terminated because of adverse drug reactions In the course of treatment, the treatment group actually completed 50 patients, the control group actually completed 46 patients. To the end of treatment, sputum conversion rate of treatment group and control group Separately was 78.0% and 56.5%, sputum conversion rate in the treated group was significantly higher than the control group(P <0.05); foci effective rate of treatment group was 78.0%, cavity closure rate was 82.0%, foci effective rate and cavity closure rate in treatment group were significantly higher than the control group(P <0.05). Conclusion amoxicillin/clavulanate potassium combined levofloxacin in the treatment of MDR-TB was contribute to sputum conversion and Absorption of the lesion, adverse drug reactions was low, worthy of clinical application. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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An Investigation about the Clinical Application of Warfarin in 115 Patients ZHANG Yu, YOU Peng-cheng, ZHENG Qiu-shan 2011, 8(9): 524-527.  Abstract ( 246 )   PDF (436KB) ( 468 )   Objective To investigate the clinical application of warfarin in patients of our hospital, summarize the experiences of its application, promote the rational use of warfarin. and probe the importance of the pharmaceutical care of warfarin. Methods 115 cases history of patients with warfarin in our hospital between 2009.1-2009.12 were consulted, to retrospectively analyze the indication, dosage, international normalized ratio(INR), hemorrhage event, and drugs used in combination with warfarin systematically. Results The common clinical indications for warfarin use were atrial fibrillation, deep vein thrombosis, cardiac pacemaker and venous stenting et al. The dosage of Warfarin used in patients was between 0.625-7.5mg. The average daily dosage was 2.45±0.81mg. The INR fluctuated between 0.92-7.01. The patients with INR<1.5 accounted for 33.0%, the cases with INR between 1.5-3.0 accounted for 44.3%, and the cases with INR>3.0 accounted for 22.6%. The hemorrhage events happened in patients with warfarin were hematuria, cerebral hemorrhage and psoas hemorrhage. Its incidence was 25.2%. The cases with hemorrhage commonly took warfarin combined with other drugs, such as anticoagulant drugs, Chinese patent medicines, antibacterials, gastric mucosal protective drugs. Conclusion At present, the clinical application of warfarin is still deficient. It is significant to develop the pharmaceutical care of warfarin activelic. The clinical pharmacists and physicians should make a concerted effort to build a safe, ecnomy and effective medication system for warfarin application. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Development of Pharmacy Information Subsystem in Primary Hosptial Information System CHEN Wei, XU Liu-Xin, HAN Ji-nian, SUN Hua-Jun 2011, 8(9): 528-530.  Abstract ( 188 )   PDF (498KB) ( 216 )   Objective To establish a pharmacy information subsystem based on a specific medicines list in a primary hospitial information system to ensure the health professionals getting exactly information of prescribed medicines to ensure using them effectively and safely. Methods A pharmacy information subsystem focusing on list medicine information access and updating was created with tool of Visual Basic. Acceptation of doctors and nurses were valuated by a questionaire on the priority about new medicines information. Results Information of over 1300 list medicines was managed in the pharmacy information subsystem, which brings the right prescribed medicine information with less load to the hospital information system networks. 76.3% doctors and 47.5% nurses check new medicines information such as dosage and drug interactions in the subsystem. Conclusion The pharmacy information subsystem with specific list medicine information in the primary hospital information system can supply the exact information of prescribed medicines to the health professionals to ensure appropriate utilization of medicines. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Safety Analysis and Reasonable Medication Suggestion of Fleroxacin ZHANG Li-ming, DONG Duo, DING Qing-ming, MA Jun-li, DU Xiao-xi 2011, 8(9): 531-533.  Abstract ( 217 )   PDF (575KB) ( 468 )   Objective To understand the Fleroxacin safety and direct reasonable medication through analyzing Fleroxacin ADRs in first half year in 2006. Methods To retrieve ADRs in first half year in 2006 and analyze unreasonable medication. Results There are 1 661 ADRs caused by Fleroxacin and unreasonable medication exists. Conclusion There are unreasonable medications when use Fleroxacin clinically and reasonable use may reduce risk and enhance safety. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Control Strategies of Antimicrobial Resistance at Home and Abroad ZHENG Ming-jie, CAO Jin-gang 2011, 8(9): 534-537.  Abstract ( 233 )   PDF (577KB) ( 213 )   Through collecting documents at home and abroad, this study introduces the control strategies of antimicrobial resistance in WHO, America, European Community, Canada and China. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Situation and Analysis on Grass-roots Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring LIU Gui-yin, KONG You-hua, FENG Hua-dong 2011, 8(9): 538-539.  Abstract ( 198 )   PDF (563KB) ( 221 )   Objective To perfect content of the adverse drug reaction(ADR) report, and provide basis for the accurate evaluation of adverse event. Methods Analyse and evaluate content of ADR. Results The information of the ADR report is incomplete, dosage and dosing method is not regular, the comparison of the drug manual is not abundant, and these cause many difficulties in the identification and evaluation of the ADR. Conclusion Perfect form columns,emphasize necessary information, strengthen the training intensity, set up regular drug manual quick inquiry system, and improve the working ability of monitoring staff. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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An Investigation of College Students' Knowledge and Cognition of Adverse Drug Reactions Caused by Anti-cold Drugs ZHANG Hua-feng, SHEN qian, JIANG Deng-zhao, PENG Gui-qing, NIE Hong-bing, ZHU Yu-hua, LI Li, XU Jing 2011, 8(9): 540-542.  Abstract ( 190 )   PDF (678KB) ( 161 )   Objective On the basis of status investigation of college students' knowledge and cognition of adverse drug reactions(ADR) caused by anti-cold drugs, the countermeasures for improving effect of anti-cold drugs will be provided. Methods Questionnaires and in-depth interviews were distributed among college students of ADR caused by anti-cold drugs. The data obtained were analyzed and compared. Results It was significant for cognition of ADR caused by anti-cold drugs between medical specialties and non-medical specialties. The college students cannot know enough the ADR of anti-cold drugs combination of other drugs. Conclusion The college students cannot know which irrational use of anti-cold drugs in different population and individuals, therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the publicizing of reasonable combination of drugs and individualized medication. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Investigating and Analyzing the Second and Third Type Medical Device Manufacturers to Carry Out Adverse Events Monitoring in Guangdong Province WANG Hong, YANG Li-jun, DENG Jian-xiong, XING Xin, LU Shu-tang 2011, 8(9): 543-545.  Abstract ( 190 )   PDF (646KB) ( 193 )   Objective To conduct investigation on how the second-and-third-class medical device manufacturers in Guangdong Province monitor adverse events and what problems exist in their work. Methods To collect information on how the second-and-third-class medical device manufacturers in Guangdong Province monitor adverse events, enter the information into EpiData 3.02 software and conduct statistical analysis in Excel software. Results The investigation reveals that 59.1% of enterprises have full-time professional personnel to monitor adverse events. However, personnel are generally not sufficiently well-educated and lacking in work experience. 75.7% of enterprises have set up the working group, which consists of business executives and personnel from quality control department, administrative department and production department, to monitor adverse events. However, training on monitoring adverse events is not sufficient in these enterprises. Safety information on products is mainly collected through products tracking(91.9%) and consumer complaints(66.8%). Insufficient knowledge on adverse events(83.2%) is the major factor that hinders the monitoring work. Conclusion Problems such as insufficient knowledge, inadequate monitoring system and low-quality monitoring in adverse events monitoring exist in the second-and-third-class medical device manufacturers. Training and supervision should be strengthened to tackle these problems. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress in the Methods for Determination of Synephrine QIAN Ya-qin 2011, 8(9): 546-548.  Abstract ( 255 )   PDF (602KB) ( 540 )   Objective To know the progress in the methods for determination of Synephrine and to provide the basis for its quality evaluation and its safe use. Methods Look up related professional literatures and summarize the progress. Results The methods for determination of Synephrine are various, including HPLC, RP-HPLC, TLC,CE, pSFC and others. Conclusion The methods of determination are developing continuously. We must choose reliable methods and strictly control the content of Synephrine to ensure its safe and effective use. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress about Association between Vaccine and Guillain-Barr Syndrome WANG Ya-li, HOU Yong-fang, DONG Duo, LIU Cui-li, WANG Dan 2011, 8(9): 549-552.  Abstract ( 298 )   PDF (570KB) ( 350 )   Guillain-Barré Syndrome(GBS) is an autoimmune disorder of nerves. Although the aetiology of GBS is not completely understood, it is broadly believed that lots of factors associated with it, such as infection, vaccination, immunization, genetic, nutrition, et al. The background rates of GBS change with region, age, gender, race, times and nations. There are many vaccines have temporal association with GBS. But causal association between them is not concluded. In this paper, the research progress about association between vaccination and GBS had been introduced through searching the papers published latest years. The factors which influence determining the association between vaccines and GBS are listed in the paper. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of Adverse Effects of Opioids in Moderate to Severe Cancer Pain of Elderly Patients WANG Li, JIA Jia, LIU Chang, HAN Chun-hong, YU Zhong-he, LIU Duan-qi 2011, 8(9): 553-554.  Abstract ( 164 )   PDF (582KB) ( 235 )   Objective To investigate the adverse effects of opioids for elderly patients with moderate to severe cancer pain. Methods The adverse effects of 100 elderly cancer patients with moderate to severe pain treated by opioids were analyzed retrospectively. Faces pain scale and numeric rating scale were used to assess pain intensity. Patients who used opioids initially started to titrate from small dose, and those who used opioid drugs before and did not acquire satisfactory analgesic effect, started with the dose according to opioids dose conversion. Daily pain intensity, location, nature and adverse reactions were recorded regularly. Results The median medication time was 50d, median opioids dose(converted to morphine dose) was 60mg in these 100 patients. 93%(93/100) patients achieved more than moderate ease. The incidence of adverse reactions was 61%(61/100) in these of patients. Constipation (48%) is the most common clinical adverse effect, followed by nausea/vomiting(24%). Lethargy(12%), dizziness(5%), skin itching(5%), dysuria(4%), and respiratory depression(2%) was rare adverse reaction. Conclusion The opioids can effectively release the cancer pain of elderly patients, the main adverse effects were constipation and nausea/vomiting. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of Adverse Reactions Cases of Xianlinggubao Capsule LIN Wei, PENG Dan-bing 2011, 8(9): 555-556.  Abstract ( 203 )   PDF (561KB) ( 273 )   Objective To discuss the clinical characteristics and regularity of adverse drug reactions(ADR) caused by Xianlinggubao capsule, provide references for rational use of drug in clinic. Methods By literature search from 1995 to 2010 of Chinese journal full-text database, the docuterm was Xianlinggubao capsule. Results In 12 reports searched there were 75 cases of adverse reactions reported. The ADR of Xianlinggubao capsule mainly were nausea, vomiting, epigastric discomfort, constipation and liver dysfunction, etc. Conclusion The clinical workers should strengthen the monitoring of medicine and use it rationally. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of 102 Cases of ADR/ADE Caused by Azithromycin for Injection CHENG Yi, LIU Shi-jie, XU Zuo-guo 2011, 8(9): 557-558.  Abstract ( 173 )   PDF (657KB) ( 265 )   Objective To investigate Azithromycin adverse reaction/event(ADR/ADE)occurrence which could provide reference for clinical drug safety. Methods Statistical analysis of the ADR/ADE testing data of two general hospitals for 4 years from 2007 to 2010. Results Azithromycin ADR/ADE involving 15 types of disease in the five organ system. More adverse reactions were allergic reactions and digestive system reactions, 53.92% for infants and children, 74.51% occurred within 2 hours. Conclusion More Azithromycin adverse reactions/event in digestive system and allergic reactions, used with caution in infants and young children. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Analysis on Seldom Adverse Reaction of Perphenazine YIN Zhi-xiang, XU Zuo-guo 2011, 8(9): 559-561.  Abstract ( 177 )   PDF (649KB) ( 256 )   Objective The purpose of this study is to explore the adverse reactions of Perphenazine. Methods Analyse the adverse reactions of Perphenazine that come from three kinds of psychiatry journals and collected cases in near ten years. Results The adverse reactions of perphenazine are related to nine systems involving twenty kinds diseases, Which mostly occurred in blood system, circulatory system and extramidol nervous system. Conclusion The adverse reactions of perphenazine more than others. It must be carefully observed are. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of 1568 Cases of Adverse Drug Reaction/Event in Hainan Province in 2010 MIAO Hui-qing, LIN Chang-wen 2011, 8(9): 562-565.  Abstract ( 256 )   PDF (696KB) ( 215 )   Objective To search the factors, characteristics and rules that lead to adverse drug reaction/event(ADR/ADE) and provide references of the rational use of drugs by analyzing 1568 Cases of ADR/ADE in Hainan Province in 2010. Methods 1568 Cases of ADR/ADE were comprehensively analyzed in respect of the patients' sex, age, drug categories, clinical manifestations and route of administration, etc. by means of Excel. Results Most patients who had ADR/ADE were children(≤10years). Most cases of ADR/ADE were caused by anti-infective drugs. The intravenous medication was the main route of administration result in ADR/ADE. Lesions of the skin and its appendages were the main manifestations of ADR/ADE. Conclusion It is to improve rational use of drugs in clinic that ADR monitoring and propaganda should be strengthened, harmful habit of drug use should change, and anti-infective drugs and intravenous medication should be used rationally. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A Retrospective Analysis of 1768 Adverse Drug Reaction Cases Induced by Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparations YAO Yuan-mei, XU Yu-hong, WU Bin, WANG Yu-rong, YANG Lei-ping, ZHONG Fen 2011, 8(9): 566-569.  Abstract ( 263 )   PDF (713KB) ( 342 )   Objective To find out the essential features of adverse drug reactions/events(ADR/ADE) induced by traditional Chinese medicine preparations, deepen our recognition of Chinese medicine's ADR/ADE and boost the rational use of Chinese medicine preparations. Methods Retrospective analysis was used. All reported ADR/ADE cases from all organizations from 2008 to 2009 in Shenzhen were downloaded from Guangdong Center for ADR Monitoring in the form of Excel electronic forms. ADR/ADE reports of traditional Chinese medicine preparations were screened and analyzed. Results 1 768 ADR/ADE cases of traditional Chinese medicine preparations were screened out and involved 468 traditional Chinese medicine products from 368 manufacturers. The injection was the primary dosage form that caused ADR/ADE. Total 61 injection products led to 854(48.30%) ADR/ADE reports and the intravenous route of administration were used in the absolutely most of cases. All kinds of oral dosage forms led to 45.59% of ADR/ADE cases. The lesions of ADR/ADE involved primarily in skin and its accessories, followed by the gastrointestinal system, systemic lesions, the nerve system, etc. The new ADR/ADE cases reached 1 144 (64.71%). Most of ADR/ADE cases had good prognosis. Conclusion The occurrence of ADR/ADE induced by traditional Chinese medicine preparations is universal and monitoring of ADR/ADE induced by traditional Chinese medicine preparations, especially injection, should be enhanced. The use of traditional Chinese medicine injections should be decreased or avoided as possible, especially in children population. The drug administration authorities should pay more attention to the instruction of traditional Chinese medicines. References | Related Articles | Metrics