常见呼吸道病毒及抗呼吸道病毒药物研究进展

doi:10.19803/j.1672-8629.20211002

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 呼吸道病毒是人类生命健康的一大威胁,具有传染性强、传播速度快、容易发生大规模传播等特点。临床上90%以上的急性上呼吸道感染是由病毒感染引起的,病毒侵入人体首先产生感冒、流涕、咽痛等上呼吸道症状,继而引发支气管炎、肺炎等下呼吸道症状,严重者可导致死亡。近年来,从SARS、流感病毒H1N1、禽流感到新型冠状病毒,病毒感染周期频发,季节性和大流行性病毒感染是全球发病和死亡的主要原因,给公众带来了巨大的经济损失,虽然接种疫苗能有效预防大流感的发生,但是呼吸道病毒容易发生突变,而疫苗更新速度慢。目前,药物治疗是控制呼吸道病毒传播的主要手段。本文从不同药物角度阐述抗呼吸道病毒所取得的成果,为科学防治呼吸道病毒提供参考。

关键词: 呼吸道病毒, 疾病防控, 抗流感药物, 中药, 西药, 生物医药

Abstract: Respiratory viruses pose a great threat to human life and health, which are characterized by strong infectivity, fast transmission and proneness to large-scale transmission. In clinical practice, more than 90% of acute upper respiratory tract infections are caused by viral infections. When a virus invades the human body, it causes upper respiratory tract symptoms such as cold, runny nose and sore throat before inducing lower respiratory tract symptoms such as bronchitis and pneumonia, which can lead to death in serious cases. The recent years have witnessed the outbreak of SARS, influenza virus, H1N1, avian influenza to COVID-19, making viral infections frequent. Seasonal and pandemic viral infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, which brings about huge economic losses to people. While vaccination can effectively prevent a pandemic, vaccines take time to be updated because respiratory viruses are prone to mutation. Drug therapy is the main means to contain the spread of respiratory viruses. In this paper, the achievements in anti-respiratory viruses are expounded from different perspectives, which is expected to provide reference for effective prevention and treatment of respiratory viruses.

Key words: respiratory virus, disease prevention and control, anti-influenza drugs, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), western medicine, biological medicine

中图分类号:

R978.7

周利润, 崔晓兰, 时宇静. 常见呼吸道病毒及抗呼吸道病毒药物研究进展[J]. 中国药物警戒, 2023, 20(2): 225-230.

ZHOU Lirun, CUI Xiaolan, SHI Yujing. Research progress in drugs for respiratory virus and anti-respiratory virus[J]. Chinese Journal of Pharmacovigilance, 2023, 20(2): 225-230.

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