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    08 July 2015, Volume 12 Issue 7 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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    Research of Inhibition Rate and Influential Factors on Normal Human Liver Cell Line Caused by 2,3,5,4-Tetrahydroxyl Diphenylethylene-2-o-glucoside
    LI Na, MA Zhi-jie, MENG Ya-kun, WANG Ya, LI Xiao-fei, TU Can, ZHANG Ya-ming, NIU Ming, ZHAO Yan-ling, XIAO Xiao-he, KANG Ting-guo, YOU Yun, WANG Jia-bo
    2015, 12(7): 385-388. 
    Abstract ( 284 )   PDF (377KB) ( 265 )  
    Objective To investigate the influence of different factors (glutathione, H2O2, temperature, etc.) on inhibition rate of 2,3,5,4-tetrahydroxyl diphenylethylene-2-o-glucoside (TSG) of various concentrations (300 μg·mL-1, 600 μg·mL-1, 1 200 μg·mL-1) on L-02 cell line. Methods Cultured human liver L-02 cell was given styrene glycosides treated in different ways and the absorbance determination was performed with MTS method. The inhibition rate was calculated by the inhibition rate formula. Results There was almost no inhibition rate in low concentration group (300 μg·mL-1). It showed certain inhibition rate in middle concentration group (600 μg·mL-1), but disappeared while glutathione added. The inhibition rate decreased significantly with the increment of the amount of GSH added in high concentration group (1 200 μg·mL-1), which was consistent with that of positive control monocrotaline (MCT). There existed obvious difference in inhibition rate (6%, 25%, 82%) among the three different concentrations of TSG. And there was little influence on inhibition rate of TSG while adding H2O2 of different concentrations (0.5%, 1%). The inhibition rate of TSG dried at different temperature (room temperature, 50℃, 90℃) and pH 3 was almost the same as that of untreated TSG. Conclusion There exists inhibition function for TSG to some extent within certain concentration range to liver cells, which has nothing to do with oxidation or hydrolyzation.
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    Variability Analysis of Turbidity Measurement of Platelet Aggregation and Its Application in Efficacy Evaluation
    MAO Xin, HAN Shu-xian, ZHAO Hai-juan, ZHANG Lan-zhen, YOU Yun, LIAO Fu-long
    2015, 12(7): 389-393. 
    Abstract ( 285 )   PDF (465KB) ( 225 )  
    Objective To evaluate turbidity measurement which is used to study the variability and variation amplitude of platelet aggregation and its application. Methods LBY-NJ4 aggregometer was use to test coefficients of variation (CV) of different inducers which induce platelet aggregation, evaluate the effect and variability of aspirin and panax notoginseng (PNs) inhibition of platelet aggregation. Results With adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and collagen, the CV of maximum aggregation rate, aggregation rate and area under the curve were less than 4%, 4% and 7% respectively, while with thrombin the CV of aggregation rate was larger(24.45%). Washed platelet was engaged to the aggregation of thrombin to remove the effect of fibrin, the CV of aggregation rate was reduced to 4.42%. PNs inhibited thrombin-induced platelet aggregation with a dose-depend manner, the CVs of three parameters were ranged from 1.58% to 12.34%, more stable than that of aspirin. Conclusion Turbidity measurement can be used to test platelet aggregation, three parameters are stable and useful for the evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine for huoxuehuayu.
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    Antibacterial Activity and Mechanism of Extracts from Prunellae Spica Against Pathogenic Organisms of Acne
    HU Dong-pei, GU Yun-zhi, ZHAO Jun-ru, LI Xiao-qian
    2015, 12(7): 394-397. 
    Abstract ( 305 )   PDF (574KB) ( 226 )  
    Objective To study the antibacterial activity and mechanism of extracts from Prunellae Spica against pathogenic organisms of acne. Methods The study was performed by determining bacteriostatic curve of Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus), Staphylococcus epidermidis (S.epidermidis) and Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes), the permeability of cell wall, content of peptidoglycan and ion leakage of S. aureus. Results It was found that three extracts from Prunellae Spica could prolong lag phase, inhibit growth of S. aureus, S. epidermidis and P. acnes, significantly affect the permeability of cell wall and increase the efflux of potassium and magnesium ion of S. aureus. The antibacterial activity intensity was shown as: water extract > ethanol extract > ultrasonic extract. Conclusion Prunellae Spica possesses the good antibacterial activity against pathogenic organisms of acne. Its antibacterial mechanism is related to affecting the permeability of cell membrane and cell wall.
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    Construction of a Fast Quantitative Method for Miconazole Nitrate Suppository Using Near Infrared Diffuse Reflection Spectroscopy
    WANG Xiao-liang, ZHANG Bing-hua, FENG Run-dong, ZHONG Hong-mei, Xi Zhi-fang
    2015, 12(7): 398-401. 
    Abstract ( 268 )   PDF (565KB) ( 190 )  
    Objective To quantitatively analyze the miconazole nitrate suppository by near infrared diffuse reflection spectroscopy technology and chemometrics. Methods 42 batches of miconazole nitrate suppositories from 9 different manufacturers were chosen for analyzing. Firstly, collected the near infrared diffuse reflection spectrum of the samples. Secondly, determined the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) contents by conventional method. Thirdly, developed the model with the partial least square (PLS) algorithm available in the Quant 2. Results Our model was based on cross validation with API from 7.21% to 19.92% in calibration set. The spectra ranges were 9 994~4 551 cm-1; the pretreatment method was first derivation and vector normalization with smooth points 13; the rank was 7. In the cross validation, the values of R2 and RMSECV were 96.674.04% and 0.50% (mg·mg-1), respectively. Conclusion The method is accurate, quick and convenient, which can be used for quick analysis in drug control.
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    Analysis of Testing Results of Carthamus Tinctorius Quality Assessment in Jilin Province
    YANG Rong-yan, SONG Ying
    2015, 12(7): 402-405. 
    Abstract ( 243 )   PDF (590KB) ( 236 )  
    Objective To sample and analyze 55 batches of Carthamus tinctorius in the whole province, so as to put forward some suggestions to the existing quality standard on the basis of the testing Results. Methods Besides the tests according to the current quality standard, we added the probe tests which included the determination of heavy metals, acid red 73 and organochlorine pesticide residues, etc. Results Among the 55 batches of Carthamus tinctorius, 19 batches of them are unqualified, accounting for 34.55%. 36 batches are qualified, accounting for 65.45%. Conclusion Analyzing from the Results of the current quality standard, the quality of Carthamus tinctorius in Jilin province is average. It's advised to add the tests of heavy metals,residuals of organochlorine and illegal dye.
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    Analysis of Drug Export Administration System in America Based on Revision of the Drug Administration Law
    YOU Xiao-min, ZONG Mao-mao, CHAI Qian-wen, YANG Yue
    2015, 12(7): 406-410. 
    Abstract ( 316 )   PDF (552KB) ( 259 )  
    Objective To provide references for improving Chinese drug export administration in the revision of Drug Administration Law. Methods Domestic and foreign articles and regulations were searched. American drug export administration and its advantages were analyzed. Results The American drug export administration is stratified and focuses on the drug flow in order to make export drugs be traceable. Conclusion We should refer to traceable drug exportation which is the administration idea of FDA, regulate labeling, application, registration and recordkeeping requirements of drug export, and standardize the order of drug export, comprehensively grasp the conditions of drug export.
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    Literature Study on Adverse Reactions of Strychni Semen and Analysis of Risk Factors
    SONG Hai-bo, DU Xiao-xi
    2015, 12(7): 411-416. 
    Abstract ( 272 )   PDF (692KB) ( 214 )  
    Objective To review the adverse reactions literature reports of Strychni Semen, in order to offer basis for clinical safety medication. Methods The adverse reactions of Strychni Semen on literatures were analyzed and summarized, and the toxicity characteristics and risk factors for clinical using were evaluated. Results Primary disease, age, liver and kidney function, genetic factors, dosage, frequency and duration of treatment, combined drugs and adulterants may influence the adverse reactions of Strychni Semen. In addition, the effect of Strychni Semen on exercise performance is remarkable. Conclusion Due to the clinical dosage of Strychni Semen is close to toxic dose, more serious adverse reactions may occurred in susceptible population. The systematic risk benefit assessment must be carried out prior to the medication of Strychni Semen on new indications and new patient population.
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    Study on 5 800 Cases of Post-marketing Safety Intensive Hospital Monitoring of Qingkailing Injection
    ZHANG Qing-li, WANG Zhong, JING Zhi-wei, YANG Wei-bing
    2015, 12(7): 417-419. 
    Abstract ( 271 )   PDF (561KB) ( 198 )  
    Objective To study the adverse reaction incidence, clinical manifestation and nature of organ involvement of Qingkailing injection, evaluate the safety of clinical usage of Qingkailing injection, offer references for rational application in clinical practice. Methods The multi-center, drug-induced and non-controlled intensive hospital monitoring was conducted. Results The rate of Qingkailing injection adverse reaction is 0.086%.Although many systems of the patients were involved, the symptoms of Qingkailing injection adverse reactions were mild, which were improved or disappeared quickly after drug withdrawal. Conclusion The adverse reactions of Qingkailing injection are rare, and consistent with its specification. Large-scale hospital monitoring is the main method of safety re-evaluation, which can reflect the real situation of clinical application, thus ensure the safety of drug use.
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    Literature Analysis of 1 855 Cases of Adverse Reactions Induced by Rabies Vaccine
    SHEN Jie, TONG Ning, YU Fei
    2015, 12(7): 420-423. 
    Abstract ( 305 )   PDF (630KB) ( 545 )  
    Objective To discuss the general pattern and characteristics of adverse reactions induced by rabies vaccine, provide references for the observation of adverse reactions induced by rabies vaccine. Methods Adverse reactions induced by rabies vaccine reported in the literature database CNKI from1975~2014 were researched and analyzed statistically. Results A total of 173 related literatures were eligible with 1 855 cases in total. Among these cases, 40.92% occurred mostly in patients aged from 20 to 40 years old. Most adverse reactions (up to 45.56%) took place within 1~12 h after injection of the vaccine, mainly happening after 1st, 3rd, 4th injection. The incidence of adverse reactions for the culture of Vero cells was the highest, accounting for 54.49% with most adverse reactions of skin system, followed by primary hamster kidney cell culture vaccine accounting for 41.46% with most adverse reactions of allergy. The adverse reactions for animal brain tissue vaccine are mainly nervous system complications reaching to 3.49%. Conclusion The causes of adverse reactions induced by rabies vaccine were miscellaneous. Clinicians and pharmacists should pay attention to the clinical use of rabies vaccine. Patients should also be monitored strictly during pre- and post-injection to reduce the incidences of adverse reactions and give rescue timely.
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    Correlation Analysis of Fluoroquinolone Antibacterial Use and Resistance Rate of Common Bacteria
    YE Yun
    2015, 12(7): 424-427. 
    Abstract ( 224 )   PDF (671KB) ( 197 )  
    Objective To statistically analyze utilization of fluoroquinolone antibiotic drugs and resistance rate of bacteria in a hospital from 2011 to 2013, and study the relationship between them, so as to reduce bacterial resistance and provide references for clinical rational use of antibacterial drugs. Methods Retrospective investigation method was used to statistically analyze the pathogenic bacteria culture Results, antibacterial cumulative frequency and Results of drug resistance test. SPSS 17.0 software was used to analyze Pearson correlation coefficient of the resistant rates of bacteria and antibacterial consumption. Results The frequency of fluoroquinolone antibacterial drug use decreased from 29 237.90 DDDs in 2009 to 11 296.65 DDDs in 2013, cumulatively declined by 61.36%. In addition to the fluoroquinolone use and Staphylococcus haemolyticus (r=-0.68) and Enterococcus faecium (r=-0.86) resistance rate were negatively correlated, positive correlation has been found with the common bacteria resistance rate, there is a significant positive correlation with E. coli (r=0.95), Enterobacter cloacae (r=0.88) and Enterococcus faecalis (R=0.95). Conclusion The frequency of fluoroquinolone antibacterial drug use showed a declining trend in a hospital. In addition to Staphylococcus haemolyticus and Enterococcus faecium, drug use of fluoroquinolones and common pathogenic bacteria was positively correlated, the frequency of fluoroquinolone antibacterial drug use may be a main factor to increase certain bacteria resistance rate.
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    Literature Analysis of 86 Cases of Adverse Drug Reaction/Event Induced by Liushen Pills
    SUN Jing-wen, WEI Cong-jian
    2015, 12(7): 428-431. 
    Abstract ( 280 )   PDF (715KB) ( 158 )  
    Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of adverse drug reactions/events (ADR/ADE) caused by Liushen pills, provide information for safety drug use in clinical practice. Methods By retrieving published cases in the Chinese Journal Full-text Database and the Chinese Scientific Periodical Database between 1995 and 2014 about Liushen pills caused ADR/ADE, 86 literatures were screened and analyzed retrospectively. Results The ratio of adverse drug reactions/events caused by prescribing and self-medication was 1:6, and the damages were mainly in respiratory system (26.5%), cardiovascular system (16.3%). Overdosage used in the neonatus was very common, which has serious consequences, accounting for 73.3% of deaths. Conclusion Liushen pills should be marketed strictly according to prescription, prohibited in neonatus and cautiously used in infants, and that safty information in the instruction of Liushen pills be urgently complemented.
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    Role of Clinical Pharmacist Intervention in Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Vancomycin
    BAI Xiang-rong, CHU Yan-qi
    2015, 12(7): 432-433. 
    Abstract ( 325 )   PDF (564KB) ( 351 )  
    Objective To study the role of clinical pharmacists in serum vancomycin concentration monitoring, so as to provide references for rational use of drug service in clinical settings practice. Methods We collected the patients data with vancomycin concentration monitoring from 2011~2013. Based on the characteristics of these patients, we divided the samples into three groups: no-target group (concentration <10 μg·mL-1), target group (10~20 μg·mL-1), over-target group (>20 μg·mL-1). Results The proportion of dose increase in the no-target group was 3%(3/35).The ratio of no dose adjustment in target group was 91%(48/53), but the ratio of dose reduction in over-target group accounts for 12.5% (3/24). Conclusion There was no statistics difference in three group. The clinicians seem to adopt pharmacist intervention in target group. Clinical pharmacists should cooperate with clinicians to ensure effective medication usage.
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    Analysis of the Community Elderly Medication Compliance and Influencing Factors
    SHI Xiu-hua, JIANG Chang-ying
    2015, 12(7): 434-438. 
    Abstract ( 317 )   PDF (686KB) ( 519 )  
    Objective To find out the elderly medication compliance and its influencing factors in a community of Shanghai, so as to provide the benefits for ensuring drug safety and improving efficacy. Methods Extracting the survey from the elderly aged 60 years old or older in a community, evaluated them with the homemade scale of medication compliance. Results Among the 300 investigated elderly, the meam score of medication compliance is 15.63± 2.18, 31.33% of the elderly showed higher compliance. The elderly who are younger, with higher education and to participate in the basic medical insurance for urban workers, family doctors contracted, medication compliance is higher. While the compliance is lower for the elderly living alone and suffering from multiple chronic diseases, taking many kinds of medication. Conclusion The level of medication compliance of the elderly in community depends on the basic situation of older persons, physiological function, drugs, family and social support cases. So when we develop individualized regimen for elderly patients, ensure therapeutic efficacy and drug safety, it needs to participate and cooperate with the medical staff, patients and their families.
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    Clinical Pharmacist Participating in the Treatment of Hemorrhage Induced by Warfarin Therapy in a Patient with Mechanical Heart Valve Prostheses
    GUO Ting-ting
    2015, 12(7): 439-441. 
    Abstract ( 221 )   PDF (718KB) ( 320 )  
    Objective To explore the modes and ideas of clinical pharmacists' participation in clinical drug treatment. Methods Clinical pharmacist participated in the whole treatment process of hemorrhage induced by oral warfarin patient with mechanical heart valve prostheses, and provided recommendations on rational drug use for doctors, gave pharmaceutical care and drug knowledge education on patient. Results Clinical pharmacist made treatment program more reasonable and reduced the incidence of adverse drug reactions. Conclusion Clinical pharmacist can further promote the safe, effective and reasonable drug use in clinic by providing clinical pharmacy services.
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    One Case of Delayed Repeated Vomit Induced by Carbamazepine
    LI Zeng-nan, QIAN Xian-zhong
    2015, 12(7): 442-443. 
    Abstract ( 236 )   PDF (583KB) ( 152 )  
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    One Case of Acute Myocardial Infarction Induced by Allergy to Moxifloxacin Tablets
    XI Yu-fei, XU Qin-fen, LI Xiao-yu, et al
    2015, 12(7): 444-444. 
    Abstract ( 262 )   PDF (510KB) ( 301 )  
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    One Case of Allergic Shock Induced by Cefpirome
    YAN Xiao-qing
    2015, 12(7): 445-445. 
    Abstract ( 243 )   PDF (530KB) ( 214 )  
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    Pharmacovigilance Newsletter
    National Center for Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring, China
    2015, 12(7): 446-448. 
    Abstract ( 235 )   PDF (619KB) ( 243 )  
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