Abstract: Objective To study the clinical diagnosis and treatment of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) in children and the safe and reasonable use of related drugs. Methods Review from the perspectives of epidemiology, clinical and imaging manifestations, treatment methods, and side effects. Results Since the autumn of 2023, there has been a significant increase in MPP in children in China, with clinical manifestations such as fever and cough, which are generally mild and have a good prognosis; A few may develop into severe illness. For children with MPP, macrolides should be the preferred drug, but drug resistance is relatively common in China; Tetracyclines can be substituted and resistance is rare, but they are required for children more than 8 years; Quinolone drugs under the age of 18 belong to the category of over-the-counter medication and are not necessary; Severe MPP can also receive short-term symptomatic anti-inflammatory treatment with glucocorticoids. For children with complications such as extensive lung consolidation, atelectasis, and plastic bronchitis, early bronchoalveolar lavage treatment is recommended, and it is recommended to implement it under general anesthesia, which can significantly improve the outcome and prognosis. Conclusion For mild MPP, the application of anti-mycoplasma drugs and symptomatic treatment generally achieves good therapeutic effects; For severe MPP, on the basis of effective anti-infection, short-term treatment with glucocorticoids can be added, and if necessary, bronchoscopic alveolar lavage can significantly improve the outcome and prognosis.

Key words: mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia, children, severe cases, macrolides, novel tetracyclines, respiratory quinolones, glucocorticoids, bronchoalveolar lavage