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20 October 2018, Volume 15 Issue 10 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Effects of 4-Amino-2-Trifluoromethyl-Phenyl Retinate on the Differentiation of MGC80-3 WU Fei, SHEN Aizong, ZHANG Shengyu, CHEN Feihu 2018, 15(10): 577-581.  Abstract ( 372 )   PDF (891KB) ( 130 )   Objective To analyze the effects of 4-amino-2-trifluoromethyl phenyl retinate(ATPR) on gastric cancer cell line MGC80-3. Methods Cell proliferation was assessed by MTT assay before and after the treatment with ATPR. The morphologic changes were observed after Giemsa under inverted phase contrast microscope. The activity of enzyme ALP and LDH was detected by ultraviolet spectrophotometer. The cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry. RT-PCR was used to analyze the expression of RARα mRNA after the treatment with ATPR. Results ATPR had inhibitory effects on the proliferation ability of MGC80-3. It promoted the growth differentiation. The growth of MGC80-3 cells was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner after the treatment with ATPR. The cell morphology differentiated into normal cells. It can cause the decrease of the activity of ALP and LDH. In addition, the number of G0/G1 phase was increased, and the S phase was decreased, the cell growth was inhibited in G0/G1 phase. The expression of RARα was increased. Conclusion ATPR had inhibitory effects on the proliferation of MGC80-3 cells and could induce its differentiation to normal cells, the mechanism of which might be related to the up-regulation of RARα mRNA. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Neuroprotective Effects of Water Extract of Fomitopsis Pinicola on Dopaminergic Neurons in vitro GUO Shanshan, Wolf Dieter Rausch 2018, 15(10): 582-586.  Abstract ( 291 )   PDF (1141KB) ( 237 )   Objective To observe the neuroprotective effects of water extract of Fomitopsis Pinicola on 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridine (MPP+) induced apoptosis of mesencephala dopaminergic cells in vitro. Methods Mesencephalic dopamin-ergic neurons were labeled by tyrosine hydroxylase(TH) staining to observe the survival of THir neurons and the average length of neurite growth. The activity of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I was analyzed by descent rate of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH). The relative apoptosis rate was analyzed by PI staining. Results The survival of TH immuno-reactive(THir) neurons and the average length of neurite growth increased obviously after MPP+ induction, the activity of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I decreased remarkably, and the apoptosis rate increased significantly. Compared with the MPP+ control group, the survival of THir neurons and the average length of neurite growth were increased by water extract of Fomitopsis Pinicola at doses of 50 and 25 μg·mL-1 respectively. Water extract of Fomitopsis Pinicola treatment(50, 25 and 12.5 μg·mL-1)dramatically increased the activity of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I compared with MPP+ control respectively. Compared with the MPP+ control, the relative rates of PI-positive cells were significantly decreased by water extract of Fomitopsis Pinicola at doses of 50 and 25 μg·mL-1 respectively. Conclusion Water extract of Fomitopsis Pinicola showed significant neuroprotective effect on mesencephala dopaminergic cells induced by MPP+. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Acute Hepatotoxicity of Aflatoxin B1 in Male Fischer 344 Rats ZHANG Fan, LI Mei, SUN Hua 2018, 15(10): 587-594.  Abstract ( 337 )   PDF (1472KB) ( 96 )   Objective To investigate the acute hepatotoxicity of aflatoxin B1 with different dosage and different times of administration in male Fischer 344 rats. Methods Fischer 344 rats were given AFB1 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 mg·kg-1 once daily for 3 days. 24 hours after each oral administration, blood was collected from venous plexus of eyes and serum was prepared. After final administration, animals were observed for one week and then all of the animals were fasted 16 h and treated to collect livers and blood, record body weights and wet weights of liver, spleen and kidney for calculating the organ indexes. The levels of serum ALT, AST, LDH, ALP, GGT, T.Bili, D.Bili were measured by automatic biochemical analyzer, and liver lobes were taken for pathological examination. Results Fischer 344 rats were given AFB1 0.5 ,1.0, 2.0 mg·kg-1 for 3 days, then the serum biochemical indicators were increased dosage and time dependently. Survival rats presented the phenomenon of separation of bile and transaminase, which indicated serious liver damage. The function of liver was not obviously improved after ceasing administration. During the experiment, the body weights of rats were decreased dosage dependently. After twice administration, there was death in high dosage. Finally, the liver indexes of survival rats in medium and high dosage group were decreased, and these rats in high dosage group were with renal edema and spleen atrophy. The Results of HE staining showed that there were inflammation and necrotic lesions in the liver of each group of AFB1 animals. Conclusion After oral administration of AFB1 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 mg·kg-1, Fischer 344 rats could display significant hepatotoxicity, which was obviously dosage and time dependent. And high dosage of AFB1 also presented toxicity in other organs. The research Results could provide reference for the study of toxicity of AFB1, especially acute toxicity. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Status and Challenges of Controlling Confounding Factors in Active Surveillance of Adverse Drug Reactions GUO Xiaojing, WANG Meng, GUO Wei, YE Xiaofei, ZHU Tiantian, HE Jia 2018, 15(10): 595-599.  Abstract ( 643 )   PDF (767KB) ( 325 )   Adverse drug reaction(ADR) surveillance is an important way to ensure drug safety. So far, the surveillance system includes active ADR surveillance and passive ADR mornitoring. Since ADR reports of passive surveillance are reported voluntarily, there are a large number of problems such as underreporting and misreporting, so active surveillance has become a more effective means of monitoring. However, there is a major challenge to control confounding factors in active ADR surveillance, especially controlling the underlying and unknown confounding bias using instrumental variable analysis. In this paper, we aim to briefly introduce some Methods of controlling confounding factors based on ADR surveillance status and potential challenges in application of these Methods. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis and Consideration on Potential Risk of Fat-soluble Vitamin Injections XU Xianxing, YANG Jingwen, WU Guizhi, XIE Yanjun, CUI Xiaokang, XU LIli 2018, 15(10): 600-602.  Abstract ( 359 )   PDF (692KB) ( 164 )   Objective To investigate the potential risks of fat-soluble vitamin injections so as to promote rational use of these products in clinical practice. Methods The valid data of fat-soluble vitamin injections were retrieved from the database of National Center for Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring and clinical retrospective study, the clinical application characteristics and potential risks were analyzed. Results Fat-soluble vitamin injections are widely used in clinic, and the proportion of serious adverse reaction has shown an upward trend. Additionally, unreasonable and irregular use is common, which may increase the risk of adverse reactions in patients. Conclusion Fat-soluble vitamin injections should be used in accordance with indications. Meanwhile, close attention should be paid to the risk of serious allergic reactions, especially anaphylactic shock. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Literature Analysis of the Serious Immune-related Adverse Reactions of Lamotrigine QIU Bo, ZHOU Juan, TIAN Yuejie 2018, 15(10): 603-607.  Abstract ( 323 )   PDF (788KB) ( 126 )   Objective To analyze the serious immune-related adverse reactions caused by lamotrigine and provide reference for the clinical rational drug use. Methods The related adverse reactions reported in domestic and foreign literatures were systematically retrieved, such as cases, reviews, studies, etc., and the manifestations, characteristics and mechanism of lamotrigine-induced severe immune-related adverse reactions were reviewed. Results Lamotrigine can cause serious immune-related adverse reactions, including Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms, immune hemolytic anemia, systemic lupus erythematosus, pseudolymphoma, limbic encephalitis, and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, occurring from a few days to several years after administration. Different immune-related adverse reactions have different mechanisms of occurrence, and some adverse reactions are rare but very severe or even fatal. Conclusion Medical staff should pay attention to the risk of serious immune-related adverse reactions of lamotrigine and timely diagnosis and treatment. It is recommended that manufacturers strengthen research and increase warnings about adverse reactions in the instructions to avoid serious consequences. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Overview of Aflatoxin B1 Contamination in Traditional Chinese Medicine ZHAO Xiangsheng, YING Guangyao, WEI Jianhe, SUN Hua, YANG Meihua 2018, 15(10): 608-616.  Abstract ( 363 )   PDF (865KB) ( 149 )   Objective To summarize aflatoxins B1 contamination in traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs). Methods References from 2000 to now at home and abroad about the positive Results of AFB1 in TCMs were collated, summarized and analyzed. Results AFB1 were detected in 1 168 batches of 149 TCMs (including 11 animal medicines and 3 fermented medicines). Compared with the other medical parts, fruits and seeds, roots and rhizomes were more easily contaminated with AFB1. The rate of exceed standard (limit standard, 5 μg·kg-1) in the positive samples reached 52.40%, and the detection values of AFB1 among the TCMs were different significantly. Conclusion Contamination of AFB1 in TCMs is common. In the future, research on detection menthod, limit standard and anti-mild maintenance of AFB1 in TCMs should be strengthened. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Toxicity and Its Mechanisms of Fumonisin ZHANG Fan, JIANG Lin, LI Fangfang, SUN Hua 2018, 15(10): 617-622.  Abstract ( 327 )   PDF (774KB) ( 214 )   Fumonisins, a group of mycotoxins mainly produced by Fusarium moniliforme, are water soluble and are research hotspots following aflatoxin in the field of mycotoxins. This review summarizes and analyses its contamination circumstances, limit standards, toxicities and mechanisms of these toxicities. The contamination circumstances of fumonisins cannot be ignored, which had been found in foods, traditional medicine and animal feeds. The toxicity of fumonisins is widespread and easily leads to sickness on human and animals. Although relevant research and some limit standards have been issued, advanced investigation of the fumonisin contamination status, corresponding detection Methods, and studies on toxicity and toxicity mechanisms need to be further strengthened to achieve effective prevention of fumonisin. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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One Case of Exfoliative Dermatitis Induced by Norvancomycin Hydrochloride for Injection Combined with Imipenem and Cilastatin Sodium for Injection CHEN Furong, CHEN Yanli, DAI Jinzhi, DENG Lili, HU Junfei 2018, 15(10): 623-624.  Abstract ( 378 )   PDF (531KB) ( 140 )   References | Related Articles | Metrics

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One Case of Lactic Acidosis Induced by Isoniazid Combined with Linezolid CHEN Chen, WANG Yan, FANG Wei 2018, 15(10): 625-626.  Abstract ( 325 )   PDF (533KB) ( 169 )   References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Expert Consensus on Risk Management of Polypharmacy in Elderly Endocrinology and Metabolism Branch of Chinese Association of Geriatric Research, Committee of Clinical Toxicology of Chinese Society of Toxicology 2018, 15(10): 627-640.  Abstract ( 647 )   PDF (1247KB) ( 403 )   China has the largest elderly population in the world. Polypharmacy in the elderly with multiple diseases is inevitable and very common. In recent years, more and more medical and pharmaceutical experts appeal to pay attention to the risk of polypharmacy in elderly, and put forward management to avoid damage caused by drug interaction in multi-drug combination therapy. To meet the needs of clinical practice and further to improve the level of drug safety in elderly, a group of clinical medicine and pharmaceutical experts in China have worked out the "Expert Consensus on the Risk Management of Polypharmacy in Elderly" for clinical reference to ensure the safety of drug use. References | Related Articles | Metrics