Abstract: Objective To explore the clinical characteristics and potential risk factors of severe acute pancreatitis caused by pegaspargase and caution clinicians against the adverse effect of this drug. Methods The clinical data of one child with T lymphoblastic lymphoma who developed acute severe pancreatitis after medication with pegaspargase was studied. After withdrawal of pegaspargase, fasting, and supplemental treatment, the patient's symptoms were significantly relieved. After evaluation and repeated use of pegaspargase, acute pancreatitis reoccurred but improved as result of symptomatic treatment. The risk factors for pancreatitis were analyzed based on the Naranjo score and literature review. Results Based on the manifestations of acute pancreatitis, the relationship with the timing of medication, and a Naranjo score of 9, pegaspargase was confirmed as the cause of acute pancreatitis, and a high-fat diet might be a risk factor. Conclusion Clinicians should advance their understanding of and be alert to acute pancreatitis associated with pegaspargase. Low-fat diet should be recommended during treatment.

Key words: pegaspargase, injection, acute pancreatitis, adverse drug reactions, T-lymphoblastic lymphoma, children, saftey