中国药物警戒 ›› 2025, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (10): 1081-1086.
DOI: 10.19803/j.1672-8629.20250455

• 何首乌质量研究专栏 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同年限及采收期的何首乌断面性状变化研究及其数字化表征

杨颜榕1,2, 石佳2△, 汪祺2,3,*   

  1. 1沈阳药科大学功能食品与葡萄酒学院,辽宁 沈阳 110016;
    2中国食品药品检定研究院中药民族药检定所,北京 100050;
    3药品监管科学全国重点实验室,北京 102629
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-11 出版日期:2025-10-15 发布日期:2025-10-20
  • 通讯作者: *汪祺,女,博士,研究员,中药质量与安全性评价。E-mail: sansan8251@sohu.com
  • 作者简介:杨颜榕,女,在读硕士,中药质量评价。△为并列第一作者。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金资助项目（82374033）; 药品监管科学全国重点实验室课题（2025SKLDRS0345)

Changes and Digital Characterization of Cross-Section Characters of Polygonum Multiflorum Thunb. Grown for Different Years and Harvested at Different Times

YANG Yanrong1,2, SHI Jia2△, WANG Qi2,3,*   

  1. 1School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang Liaoning 110016, China;
    2National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, Beijing 100050, China;
    3State key Laboratory of Drug Regulatory Science, Beijing 102629, China
  • Received:2025-07-11 Online:2025-10-15 Published:2025-10-20

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摘要： 目的 为精准探究1~6年生春、秋2季采收何首乌的性状变化规律,客观掌握其生长年限与性状的相关性,获取精准全面的数据,为科学分析提供参考。方法 采用Sapphire双模式多光谱激光成像系统扫描1~6年春、秋2季采收何首乌饮片断面,通过测定何首乌断面异常维管束个数、断面表面积、中央维管束面积及异常维管束总面积,分析1~6年春、秋2季采收何首乌的性状变化规律。结果 ①异常维管束个数变化总体趋势随着生长年限的增加而减少,1~6年春季采收样品由8~16个到8~15个,1~6年秋采收样品由9~20个到9~16个;②春、秋2季采收何首乌样品断面表面积随着生长年限的增加而增大,1~6年春季采收样品由3.92~5.26 cm2到10.14~15.37 cm2,1~6年秋采收样品由4.84~5.37 cm2到12.29~17.32 cm2;③春、秋2季采收何首乌中央维管束面积随着生长年限的增加而增大,1~6年春季采收样品由0.31~0.49 cm2到0.61~0.88 cm2,1~6年秋季采收样品由0.27~0.42 cm2到0.58~0.77 cm2;④春、秋2季采收何首乌异常维管束面积随着生长年限的增加而增大,1~6年春季采收样品由0.45~0.74 cm2到0.97~1.62 cm2,1~6年秋季采收样品由0.58~0.77 cm2到1.55~2.14 cm2;⑤不同生长年限春、秋2季采收样品中央维管束面积与饮片断面表面积的比值随着年限的增加呈现下降趋势,1~6年春采收样品由0.06~0.11到0.05~0.06 cm2,1~6年秋采收样品由0.05~0.08 cm2到0.04~0.06 cm2;⑥不同生长年限春、秋2季采收样品异常维管束总面积与断面表面积的比值随年限的变化波动程度由大到小,1~3年比值下降程度较大,3年后比值渐稳定,1~6年春采收样品由0.09~0.18 cm2到0.07~0.16 cm2,1~6年秋采收样品由0.12~0.15 cm2到0.10~0.14 cm2。结论 明确何首乌生长过程中性状的变化规律,何首乌饮片生长到3年性状基本稳定;2个重要性状即断面表面积、异常维管束总面积相比同年限的秋季采收样品较大,因此认为秋季采收更为合理。

关键词: 何首乌, 采收期, 断面, 性状特征, 异常维管束, 数字化

Abstract: Objective To explore the characteristics of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. grown for 1 to 6 years and harvested in spring and autumn and to study the correlations between years of growth and its properties. Methods The Sapphire dual-mode multispectral laser imaging system was used to scan the sections of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. pieces harvested in spring and autumn and grown for 1 to 6 years. By measuring the number, surface area, central vascular area and total area of abnormal vascular bundles on the sections of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb., the properties of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. harvested in spring and autumn and grown 1 to 6 years were analyzed. Results ① The number of abnormal vascular bundles decreased with the years of growth, and the number of samples collected in the spring and grown for 1 to 6 years ranged from 8-16 to 8-15, compared with 9-20 to 9-16 for those collected in autumn. ② The cross-sectional surface area of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. samples collected in spring and autumn increased with the years of growth, ranging from 3.92-5.26 cm2 to 10.14-15.37 cm2 for those collected in spring and from 4.84-5.37 cm2 to 12.29-17.32 cm2 for those harvested in autumn. ③ The central vascular bundle areas of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. harvested in spring and autumn increased with the years of growth, with the samples harvested in spring ranging from 0.31-0.49 cm2 to 0.61-0.88 cm2 and from 0.27-0.42 cm2 to 0.58-0.77 cm2 for those collected in autumn.④ The areas of abnormal vascular bundles of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. harvested in spring and autumn increased with the years of growth, with the samples harvested in spring ranging from 0.45-0.74 cm2 to 0.97-1.62 cm2 and from 0.58-0.77 cm2 to 1.55-2.14 cm2 for those harvested in autumn.⑤ The ratio of the central vascular bundle area to the cross-sectional area of decoction pieces collected in spring and autumn and grown for different years trended downward with the years, and ranged from 0.06-0.11 cm2 to 0.05-0.06 cm2 and from 0.05-0.08 cm2 to 0.04-0.06 cm2 respectively.⑥ The ratio of the total area of abnormal vascular bundles to the cross-sectional surface area of samples collected in spring and autumn and grown for different years became smaller with the years. The ratio decreased significantly in samples grown for 1-3 years, but gradually stabilized in those grown for over 3 years. The ratio ranged from 0.09-0.18 cm2 to 0.07-0.16 cm2 in samples collected in spring and from 0.07 to 0.16 for those collected in autumn. Conclusion The way in which the properties of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. change in the process of growth has been elucidated, and the properties of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. pieces are basically stable after three years of growth. Two important characteristics, namely, the cross-sectional surface area and the total area of abnormal vascular bundles, are larger in those collected in autumn and of the same age, so harvesting Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. in autumn is preferable.

Key words: Polygonum multiflorum Thunb., Harvest Season, Cross-Section, Characteristics, Abnormal Vascular Bundle, Digitization

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