中国药物警戒 ›› 2026, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (6): 613-620.
DOI: 10.19803/j.1672-8629.20260141

• 心脑血管中药作用机制与安全性评价专栏（二） • 上一篇    下一篇

鹿茸对心肌梗死模型大鼠心肌细胞凋亡及Bcl-2/Bax/Caspase蛋白表达的影响

王子未1, 李艳君2, 黄力3, 刘呈祥4, 肖响3, 杨德爽3, 王金平5, 乔佳君6, 白雪7, 李琳3,*   

  1. 1北京中医药大学第三附属医院康复科,北京 100029;
    2日照市中医医院心血管病科,山东 日照 276800;
    3中日友好医院中西医结合心内科,北京 100029;
    4日照市中医医院脑病科,山东 日照 276800;
    5中日友好医院中医风湿病科,北京 100029;
    6中日友好医院中医外科,北京 100029;
    7中国中医科学院医学实验中心,北京市中医药防治重大疾病基础研究重点实验室,北京 100700
  • 收稿日期:2026-02-13 出版日期:2026-06-15 发布日期:2026-06-18
  • 通讯作者: *李琳,女,博士,主任医师,中西医结合防治心血管。E-mail: lilinxcy@126.com
  • 作者简介:王子未,男,硕士,主治医师,中西医结合慢病康复。
  • 基金资助:
    北京市自然科学基金资助项目（7232320）; 国家自然科学基金资助项目（81803925、82304767、82204670）; 中央高水平医院临床科研业务费资助（2023-NHLHCRF-YXHZ-ZRMS-01）; 北京中医药大学新教师启动基金项目（2020-JYB-XJSJJ-066）

Effects of Deer Velvet Antler on Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis and Expressions of Bcl-2, Bax, and Caspase Proteins in a Rat Model of Myocardial Infarction

WANG Ziwei1, LI Yanjun2, HUANG Li3, LIU Chengxiang4, XIAO Xiang3, YANG Deshuang3, WANG Jinping5, QIAO Jiajun6, BAI Xue7, LI Lin3,*   

  1. 1Department of Rehabilitation, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China;
    2Department of Cardiology, Rizhao Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Rizhao Shandong 276800, China;
    3Department of Integrative Cardiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China;
    4Department of Neurology, Rizhao Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Rizhao Shandong 276800, China;
    5Department of TCM Rheumatism, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China;
    6Department of TCM Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China;
    7Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Research on Prevention and Treatment of Major Disease, Beijing 100700, China
  • Received:2026-02-13 Online:2026-06-15 Published:2026-06-18

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摘要： 目的 探讨鹿茸对心肌梗死（以下简称“心梗”）模型大鼠心肌细胞凋亡及Bcl-2/Bax/Caspase蛋白表达的影响。方法 应用冠状动脉左前降支结扎法建立心梗大鼠模型。假手术组（10只）仅穿线不结扎,20只心梗模型大鼠随机分为模型组与鹿茸组,每组10只。鹿茸组给予400 mg·kg-1·d-1鹿茸粉灌胃,假手术组与模型组每日给予等体积0.5%羧甲基纤维素钠。干预1周后,采用超声心动图评估大鼠心功能,苏木精-伊红（HE）染色观察心肌组织病理变化,免疫荧光法检测纤维状肌动蛋白（F-actin）表达,ELISA法检测血清肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）的含量,TUNEL法检测心梗边缘区心肌细胞凋亡率,免疫组化法检测心梗边缘区B细胞淋巴瘤-2基因（Bcl-2）与Bcl-2相关X蛋白（Bax）表达,Western Blotting法检测心梗边缘区Bcl-2、Bax、半胱氨酸天冬氨酸特异性蛋白酶3（Caspase-3）与半胱氨酸天冬氨酸特异性蛋白酶9（Caspase-9）蛋白表达。结果 与假手术组相比,模型组大鼠左室短轴缩短率（FS）、左室射血分数（EF）均显著降低（P<0.01）,左室舒张末期内径（LVEDD）、左室收缩末期内径（LVESD）、左室收缩末期容积（ESV）、左室舒张末期容积（EDV）均显著上升（P<0.01）;心肌组织出现明显的病理改变,F-actin排列紊乱并出现溶解;血清TNF-α含量及心肌细胞凋亡率显著上升（P<0.01）。免疫组化与Western Blotting均显示模型组Bcl-2表达降低,Bax上升（P<0.01）;Caspase-9、Caspase-3蛋白表达显著上升（P<0.05,P<0.01）。与模型组相比,鹿茸组大鼠的EF、FS均显著增加（P<0.01）,LVEDD、LVESD、EDV、ESV均显著降低（P<0.01）;HE染色提示心肌病变范围缩小,F-actin结构得到有效修复;血清TNF-α含量及心肌细胞凋亡率显著下降（P<0.05）;鹿茸组Bcl-2蛋白表达水平明显上升,Bax、Caspase-9、Caspase-3蛋白表达水平降低（P<0.05,P<0.01）。结论 鹿茸可能通过靶向调控Bcl-2/Bax凋亡相关蛋白平衡,阻断线粒体途径介导的 Caspase-9/Caspase-3级联活化,从而抑制急性心肌梗死大鼠的心肌细胞凋亡,发挥心功能保护作用。

关键词: 鹿茸, 急性心肌梗死, 心肌细胞凋亡, Bcl-2/Bax/Caspase蛋白, 肿瘤坏死因子-α, 大鼠

Abstract: Objective To investigate the effects of deer velvet antler on cardiomyocyte apoptosis and expressions of apoptosis-related proteins Bcl-2, Bax, and caspases in a rat model of myocardial infarction. Methods A rat model of myocardial infarction was established via ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. The sham-operated group (n=10) was sutured without ligation. Twenty rats in the myocardial infarction model were randomly divided into the model group and the deer antler velvet group, with 10 rats in each. The deer antler velvet group received 400 mg·kg-1·d-1 deer antler velvet powder via gastric intubation while the shamoperated and model groups received an equal volume of 0.5% sodium carboxy-methylcellulose daily. After one week of intervention, cardiac function was evaluated via echocardiography. HE staining was used to examine the pathology of myocardial tissues while immunofluorescence was adopted to detect the expression of F-actin. ELISA was used to detect levels of serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). TUNEL assay was employed to determine the myocardial cell apoptosis rate in the infarct border zone. Bcl-2 and Bax expressions in this zone were detected via immunohistochemistry, and Bcl-2, Bax, Caspase-3, and Caspase-9 protein expressions via Western blotting. Results Compared with the sham-operated group, the left ventricular short-axis fraction shortening (FS) and left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) of rats in the model group were significantly reduced (P<0.01) while theeft ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD), left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVESD), end-systolic volume (ESV), and end-diastolic volume (EDV) were significantly increased (P<0.01). Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining revealed marked pathological changes in myocardial tissues, including disorderly F-actin and dissolution of the myocardial cytoskeleton. Serum TNF-α levels and myocardial cell apoptosis rates were significantly elevated (P<0.01). Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting both pointed to decreased Bcl-2 expressions and increased Bax expressions in the model group. Western blotting suggested significantly elevated Caspase-9 and Caspase-3 protein expressions (P<0.05, P<0.01). Compared with the model group, rats in the deer antler velvet group showed significantly increased EF and FS (P<0.01) but significantly decreased LVEDD, LVESD, EDV, and ESV (P<0.01). Hematoxylin and eosin staining indicated reduced sizes of myocardial lesions and effective repair of myocardial F-actin structure in the deer antler velvet group. Serum TNF-α levels and myocardial cell apoptosis rates decreased in the deer antler velvet group (P<0.05). Bcl-2 protein expressions increased while Bax, Caspase-9 and Caspase-3 protein expressions decreased in the deer antler velvet group P<0.05, P<0.01). Conclusion Deer antler velvet may target the balance between Bcl-2/Bax apoptosis-related proteins, block the Caspase-9/Caspase-3 cascade activation mediated through the mitochondrial pathway, reduce myocardial cell apoptosis in rats with acute myocardial infarction, and exert cardioprotective effects.

Key words: Deer Antler Velvet, Acute Myocardial Infarction, Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis, Bcl-2/Bax/Caspase Apoptosis-Related Proteins, TNF-α, Rats

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