Abstract: Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics, pathosis, and diagnosis and treatment of drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DIHS) caused by rabeprazole enteric-coated tablets in order to provide a reference for safe clinical medications. Methods We reported a case of allergic diathesis in a patient who developed successive high fever, generalized rash and multiple organ injuries (the liver, skeletal muscle, myocardium, lung) after taking oral rabeprazole sodium enteric-coated tablets. The diagnostic and treatment process was summarized and analyzed based on literature. Results After rabeprazole enteric-coated tablets were discontinued, the systemic symptoms of the patient were attenuated, and indicators of organ damage recovered steadily. The patient was discharged after being clinically cured. Given the medication sequence, clinical manifestations and improvement after drug withdrawal, the causality between rabeprazole enteric-coated tablets and DIHS was considered “probable”. Conclusion Rabeprazole enteric-coated tablets can induce rare but life-threatening DIHS, with the risk higher in individuals with allergic constitutions. Clinicians should strengthen drug monitoring while adhering to early discontinuation of the drug, early diagnosis, and standardized hormone therapy to ensure safe medication.

Key words: Rabeprazole Enteric-Coated Tablets, Proton Pump Inhibitors, Drug-Induced Hypersensitivity Syndrome, Adverse Drug Reaction