Abstract: Objective Through identification, carding and evaluation of the risk factors of medication for children, to put forward the corresponding measures to ensure children's medication safety. Methods Using fishbone diagram method, child risk factors were combed, and then perfected by the method of expert advice consulting. According to expert scoring, the risk factors which are of high importance were concluded by using analytic hierarchy process(AHP) to analyze the result of the score. On the basis of these researches, coping strategies were put forward. Results and Conclusion The risk factors in the two links-physician diagnosis and medication of children are relatively more. The top five important risk factors are as follows: the dosage unit or zero or decimal point is incorrect when doctors prescribe, nurses don't check the information of the children carefully when applying medicine, doctors are unfamiliar with children's physiological and pathological characteristics, doctors ignore the history of disease and allergy in children, and doctors write the name of the similar drug when prescribing. We need to use the following measures to ensure the safety of children's drugs: risk communication, training and continuing education, establishing the memo and the appraisal system, etc.

Key words: medication for children, risk factors, expert investigation