Abstract: Objective To provide literature evidences asis and research ideas of efficacy and toxicity of the chemical composition of guided separation,control and efficacy, and the research on the“dose-effect relationship” and “dose-toxicity relationship” about the toxicial components. Methods References in the last decades both at home and abroad about Rhizoma Pinelliae were collated, analyzed and summarized. Results The research on Rhizoma Pinelliae about the toxicial effects based on the efficacy and the material basis are confined to single disciplines. Between and even mutual relevance studies are very lack of. Conclusion The research on Rhizoma Pinelliae about the toxicity and margin of safety control based on the chemical separation and quality control about the effective material basis combined with the process of the effectiveness of expression, so as to provide consummating safety standards and putting forward early-warning scheme of adverse reaction, the early diagnosis and treatment measures that can be referred to clinical usage. Rhizoma Pinellia will be ensured to use safety as a clinical drug.

Key words: Rhizoma Pinelliae, efficacy, material basis, toxicity