Chinese Journal of Pharmacovigilance ›› 2026, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (3): 328-333.
DOI: 10.19803/j.1672-8629.20250793

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Medications for Hemodialysis Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infections

ZHANG Wei1, LU Lianhe2, ZHANG Ruihua2, TAN Yanan3, LI Fenghong4, TIAN Guobao1, LI Jun1, DONG Jianping1#, CHEN Zhihai2,*   

  1. 1Department of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Haidian Hospital, Beijing 100080, China;
    2National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China;
    3Department of Medical Laboratory, Beijing Haidian Hospital, Beijing 100080, China;
    4Department of Hospital Infection Control and Disease Prevention, Beijing Haidian Hospital, Beijing 100080, China
  • Received:2025-11-10 Online:2026-03-15 Published:2026-03-17

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Abstract: Objective To analyze the distribution of pathogens, drug resistance, and clinical drug use associated with catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSI) among patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) and non-MHD pain in order to provide a reference for rational use of antibiotics in clinical practice. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted of the clinical data, pathogens, results of drug sensitivity tests, and antibiotic use of CRBSI patients admitted to Beijing Haidian Hospital in 2023-2024. These patients were divided into MHD and non-MHD groups, and differences between the two groups were studied. Results A total of 44 CRBSI patients were enrolled, including 25 in the MHD group and 19 in the non-MHD group. Patients in the MHD group were younger and the percentage of malignancy was lower than in the non-MHD group. Tunneled central venous catheters (TCVCs) were dominating in the MHD group while non-tunneled central venous catheters (NTCVCs) were more common in the non-MHD group, and the differences between the two groups were statistically significant (P<0.01). A total of 52 pathogen strains were isolated, with Gram-positive bacteria as the dominating pathogens (28, 53.85%), followed by Gram-negative bacteria (19, 36.54%) and fungi (5, 9.62%). There was no statistically significant difference in the distribution of pathogens between the two groups (P=0.225). The most common pathogens were Staphylococcus aureus (7, 24.14%) in the MHD group and Staphylococcus epidermidis in the non-MHD group (5, 21.74%), respectively. The proportion of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus was similar across the two groups (P=0.157). Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria were prevalent in the non-MHD group. As for antimicrobial therapy, monotherapy was mostly used in the MHD group, whereas combination and broad-spectrum antimicrobial regimens were more commonly used in the non-MHD group. Conclusion The spectrum of pathogens and drug resistance related to CRBSI in non-MHD patients are more complicated, aggravated by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. In clinical practice, differentiated empirical antibiotic regimens should be formulated based on patient populations.

Key words: Hemodialysis, Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infection, Pathogens, Staphylococcus, Gram-Positive Bacteria, Gram-Negative Bacteria, Fungi, Drug Resistance

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