中国药物警戒 ›› 2026, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (4): 420-425.
DOI: 10.19803/j.1672-8629.20250756

• 基础与临床研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于UHPLC-Q Exactive Orbitrap MS 技术分析大黄及炮制品的化学成分

张梨娟1, 康明芹3, 许苗1, 李洋洋1, 李遇伯1,2, 杨彬1#, 宋丽丽1,2,*   

  1. 1天津中医药大学中药学院,天津 301600;
    2现代中医药海河实验室,天津 301600;
    3长春海关技术中心,吉林 长春 130012
  • 收稿日期:2025-10-28 出版日期:2026-04-15 发布日期:2026-04-15
  • 通讯作者: *宋丽丽,女,博士,副教授,代谢组学与中药分析研究。E-mail: sll0204@tjutcm.edu.cn。#为共同通信作者。
  • 作者简介:张梨娟,女,硕士,中药分析。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金资助项目（82374162）; 天津市自然科学基金资助项目（25JCZDJC00200）; 天津市中医中西医结合重点项目（2023035）; 天津市科技计划项目（25HHZYSS00019）

Analysis of the Chemical Constituents of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma and Processed Products Using UHPLC-Q Exactive Orbitrap MS Technology

ZHANG Lijuan1, KANG Mingqin3, XU Miao1, LI Yangyang1, LI Yubo1,2, YANG Bin1#, SONG Lili1,2,*   

  1. 1Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica,Tianjin 301600, China;
    2Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301600, China;
    3Changchun Customs Technology Center, Changchun Jilin 130012, China
  • Received:2025-10-28 Online:2026-04-15 Published:2026-04-15

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摘要： 目的 分析大黄及炮制品（生大黄、熟大黄、大黄炭、酒大黄）的化学成分,并初步探索其在不同炮制品间含量的变化,为大黄及炮制品的研究提供参考。方法 基于超高效液相色谱-四级杆-静电场轨道阱组合式高分辨质谱仪（UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS）,采用Hypersil GOLD aQ色谱柱（100 mm×2.1 mm,1.9 μm）,以0.1%甲酸水溶液-0.1% 甲酸乙腈为流动相,0.3 mL·min-1的流速进行梯度洗脱,在正、负离子模式下进行样品检测。结合自建化合物库、对照品及相关文献对大黄及炮制品进行化学成分鉴定和相对含量分析。结果 共鉴定出63个化学成分,包括蒽醌类15个、蒽酮类4个、黄酮类13个、糖类5个和其他类26个。这些成分中,生大黄有61个,熟大黄44个,酒大黄54个,大黄炭36个,共有成分23个。在共有成分中,化合物在不同炮制品间的含量呈现规律性的差异。结论 大黄经炮制后其结合型蒽醌向游离型转化,致使泻下作用缓和而活血、止血功效增强;不同的炮制方法对其成分的影响存在差异,其中酒制在破坏不稳定成分的同时可促进部分稳定苷类的溶出与保留。

关键词: 大黄, 炮制品, 化学成分, 超高效液相色谱-四极杆-静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱联用技术, 蒽醌类, 黄酮类, 糖类, 蒽酮类

Abstract: Objective Analyze the chemical constituents of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma and its processed products (Raw Rhubarb Rhizome, Stew-Baked Rhubarb Rhizome, Wine-Processed Rhubarb Rhizome, Charred Rhubarb Rhizome), and initially explore the variations of content among different processed products. Methods Based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-exactive orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q Exactive Orbitrap MS), A Hypersil GOLD aQ column (100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.9 μm) was used with mobile phases of 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile (A) and water (B) at a 0.3 mL·min-1 flow rate, in positive-negative ionmode. Identifica-tion and analysis of chemical constituents and relative content in Rhei Radix et Rhizoma and its processed products using self-built compound library, reference standards, and literature. Results A total of 63 chemical constituents were identified: 15 anthraquinones, 4 anthones, 13 flavonoids, 5 sugars, and 26 others. Raw Rhubarb Rhizome contains 61 constituents, Stew-Baked Rhubarb Rhizome 44, Wine-Processed Rhubarb Rhizome 54, and Charred Rhubarb Rhizome 36, with 23 constituents common to all forms. Among the shared constituents, the compounds exhibited regular differences in across the different processed products. Conclusion sProcessing Rhei Radix et Rhizoma converts bound anthraquinones into free ones, reducing its laxative effect and boosting blood-activating and hemostatic properties. Various methods affect its constituents differently; wine processing aids in extracting and preserving stable glycosides but destroys unstable ones.

Key words: Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, Processed Products, Chemical Constituents, UHPLC-Q Exactive Orbitrap MS, Anthraquinones, Flavonoids, Sugars, Anthones

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