利巴韦林的药理作用机制、结构改造及靶向制剂的研究进展

doi:10.19803/j.1672-8629.20250199

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的探讨利巴韦林（Ribavirin,RBV）的药理作用与机制、结构改造及靶向制剂,为RBV的临床应用提供参考。方法查阅中国知网、国家科技图书管理中心、PubMed等RBV相关文献（检索时间为建库至2025年5月2日）,对其药理作用机制、结构改造以及靶向制剂进行整理归纳。结果 RBV的药理作用主要是抗病毒和抗肿瘤;RBV的结构改造主要是糖基改造和碱基改造;RBV的靶向制剂中纳米制剂的研究和开发已成为当前的热点。基于纳米粒的RBV药物递送系统能够显著减少给药量,并提高药物的靶向性;而RBV囊泡和脂质体表现出明显的靶向性,能够有效降低不良反应的发生率;将RBV与血红蛋白和胆汁酸偶联也具有一定的创新性,偶联物既具有靶向性又能降低毒性或副作用;除了偶联策略,RBV还能与聚阴离子大分子结合,形成具有更显著抗病毒作用的复合物。结论通过精准的靶向递送,RBV能够更有效地作用于病变部位,减少药物剂量,进而降低其不良反应的发生率。在后续研究中提高治疗效果、降低不良反应的创新递送系统和药物结合策略能使RBV具有更广阔的应用前景。

关键词: 利巴韦林, 药理作用机制, 结构改造, 靶向制剂, 研究进展

Abstract: Objective To explore the pharmacological actions, mechanisms, structural modifications and targeted formulations of ribavirin (RBV) in order to provide references for the pharmacological research and clinical applications of RBV. Methods Related literature on RBV that was published as of May 2, 2025 was retrieved from such databases as China National Knowledge Infrastructure, National Science and Technology Library of China, and PubMed before the pharmacological actions, mechanisms, structural modifications and targeted drug delivery systems of RBV were summarized. Results The pharmacological effects of RBV were mostly antiviral and antitumor. Most of the structural modifications of RBV involved glycosyl modifications and base modifications. The research and development of nanosized formulations among the targeted formulations of RBV were intensified. The drug delivery systems of RBV based on nanoparticles could significantly reduce the dosage administered and enhance the drug’s targetability. The vesicles and liposomes of RBV exhibited distinct targeting properties and effectively reduced the incidence of adverse reactions. In addition, RBV could be innovatively conjugated with hemoglobin and bile acids. The conjugates not only possessed targeting properties, but also could reduce toxicity or side effects. Besides the conjugation strategy, RBV could also combine with polyanionic macromolecules to form complexes with more pronounced antiviral effects. Conclusion Thanks to precise targeted delivery, RBV can act more effectively on lesion sites, reduce the drug dosage, and thereby lower the incidence of adverse reactions. Innovative drug delivery systems and combination strategies that enhance therapeutic efficacy while reducing adverse effects promise wide applications of RBV.

Key words: Ribavirin, Pharmacological Mechanism, Structural Modification, Targeted Formulation, Research Progress

中图分类号:

谢锐, 耿子涵, 包蕾, 赵荣华, 李舒冉, 孙绮悦, 王馨蔚, 张敬升, 崔晓兰, 郭姗姗, 孙静. 利巴韦林的药理作用机制、结构改造及靶向制剂的研究进展[J]. 中国药物警戒, 2025, 22(8): 950-955.

XIE Rui, GENG Zihan, BAO Lei, ZHAO Ronghua, LI Shuran, SUN Qiyue, WANG Xinwei, ZHANG Jingsheng, CUI Xiaolan, GUO Shanshan, SUN Jing. Research Progress in Pharmacological Actions, Mechanisms, Structural Modifications and Targeted Formulations of Ribavirin[J]. Chinese Journal of Pharmacovigilance, 2025, 22(8): 950-955.

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