中国药物警戒 ›› 2025, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (11): 1223-1228.
DOI: 10.19803/j.1672-8629.20250637

• 中西药联用的风险调控与预警研究专栏 • 上一篇    下一篇

止咳平喘类毒性中药“效-毒”机制研究

张晓朦1,3, 吕锦涛2,3, 张冰1,3*, 林志健1,3   

  1. 1北京中医药大学中药学院,北京 102488;
    2宁波卫生职业技术学院中医药与康育学院,浙江 宁波 315100;
    3北京中医药大学中药药物警戒与合理用药研究中心,北京 102488
  • 收稿日期:2025-09-08 出版日期:2025-11-15 发布日期:2025-11-14
  • 通讯作者: *张冰,女,博士,主任医师,教授·博导,中药防治代谢性疾病、中药药物警戒与合理用药。E-mail: zhangb@bucm.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:张晓朦,博士,讲师,中药药物警戒与合理用药研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金资助项目（82204643、82274117）; 国家中医药管理局高水平重点学科建设项目-临床中药学（zyyzdxk-2023257）

“Efficacy-Toxicity” Mechanism of Toxic Herbs for Relieving Cough and Asthma

ZHANG Xiaomeng1,3, LYU Jintao2,3, ZHANG Bing1,3*, LIN Zhijian1,3   

  1. 1School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China;
    2School of TCM and Pharmacology Health and Early Childhood Care, Ningbo College of Health Sciences, Ningbo Zhejiang 315100, China;
    3Center for Pharmacovigilance and Rational Use of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
  • Received:2025-09-08 Online:2025-11-15 Published:2025-11-14

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摘要： 目的 预测止咳平喘类有毒中药“效-毒”作用的共性分子机制,并基于该机制阐释以白屈菜为示例的传统药物警戒内涵。方法 聚合17种止咳平喘类有毒中药的活性成分,采用网络药理学预测其治疗咳喘,并引发神经-呼吸系统毒性的共同靶点及通路;通过数据挖掘梳理代表性示例药白屈菜的传统“识毒-用毒-防毒-解毒”警戒认识,相互对应阐释。结果 构建止咳平喘类有毒中药的“效-毒”共享网络,包含槲皮素等117个活性成分和PPARA、AKT1、CASP3等126个核心靶点,GO和KEGG显著富集于神经活性配体-受体相互作用等关键通路。挖掘白屈菜的传统警戒实践相关论述549条,方剂419首,构建毒性认识、用药特点、毒性防范、中西药解毒等系统认识,且传统警戒认识可被网络预测结果解释。结论 研究结合传统药物警戒认识与现代机制预测为止咳平喘类有毒中药提供了精准干预方向,未来需通过更多实验验证,为中药安全合理应用提供参考。

关键词: 止咳平喘, 白屈菜, 有毒, 效-毒机制, 药物警戒

Abstract: Objective To predict the common molecular mechanisms underlying both therapeutic efficacy and toxicity of toxic herbs used for relieving cough and asthma, and to interpret the pharmacovigilance of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) connotations of the representative herb CHELIDONII HERBA (BAIQUCAI) based on mechanistic insights. Methods Active components from 17 toxic herbs indicated for cough and asthma were collected, and network pharmacology was employed to identify common targets and signaling pathways associated with both anti-cough/anti-asthma effects and neuro-respiratory toxicity. Subsequently, data mining was conducted to extract 549 historical records and 419 prescriptions related to BAIQUCAI, enabling the reconstruction of traditional knowledge of toxicity identification, patterns of clinical applications, prevention strategies, and detoxification methods involving both traditional Chinese and Western medicines. Results A comprehensive “efficacy-toxicity” shared network was constructed, encompassing 117 bioactive compounds (e.g., quercetin) and 126 core targets, including PPARA, AKT1, and CASP3. Functional enrichment analyses via GO and KEGG revealed significant involvement in critical pathways such as neuroactive ligand-receptor interactions. The TCM pharmacovigilance framework for BAIQUCAI aligned well with the predicted molecular mechanisms, supporting a mechanistic interpretation of clinic usage. Conclusion By integrating TCM pharmacovigilance knowledge with modern systems-level mechanistic insights, the study offers a targeted approach to optimizing the safe and effective use toxic herbs.

Key words: Cough and Asthma Relief, CHELIDONII HERBA, Toxic Herbs, Efficacy-Toxicity Mechanism, Pharmacovigilance

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