关键词: 药疹, 药品不良反应, 抗菌药物, β-内酰胺类, 对症治疗, 严重程度, 抗组胺药, 激素

Abstract: Objective To analyze the incidence and clinical manifestations of drug eruptions and to provide a reference for safe clinical use of drugs. Methods The 763 cases of drug eruptions reported to the Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring System by the hospital between 2019 and 2023 were analyzed in terms of the patients' gender, age, routes of administration, types of drugs, severity and treatments, respectively. Results There were 763 cases of drug eruptions, including 342 males (44.82%) and 421 females (55.18%). Suspected sensitizing medications involved antimicrobial agents in 310 cases, contrast agents in 160 cases, antitumor medications in 54 cases, Chinese patent medications in 47 cases, endocrine medications in 47 cases, and digestive system medications in 33 cases. The chief culprits among antibiotics were β-lactam antibiotics and quinolones. After the onset of drug eruptions, the suspected sensitizing medications were discontinued in 729 cases but continued in 34 cases. Among the 268 patients with drug eruptions who did not receive symptomatic treatment, the interval from occurrence to improvement for severe and mild drug eruptions was (1.93±1.22) days and (1.71±1.35) days, respectively. Four hundred and ninety-five cases received medications, involving antihistamines, glucocorticoids, calcium gluconate and glycerite lotion. Among them, loratadine was primarily used as the antihistamine, and dexamethasone was as the hormone drug. The time from occurrence to improvement of severe and mild drug eruptions was (2.40 ± 2.36) days and (1.80 ± 1.41) days, respectively. Among the symptomatically treated patients, 301 were treated with monotherapy alone, while 194 were treated with combination therapy. Conclusion There are differences in the incidence and severity of drug eruptions between different types of drugs. The decision to discontinue the drug and symptomatic management can be made according to the severity of drug eruptions. Monotherapy is the first option for the treatment of mild drug eruptions, and combination therapy can be determined based on changes in the patient's conditions.

Key words: Drug Eruptions, Adverse Drug Reaction, Antimicrobial, Beta-Lactams, Symptomatic Treatment, Severity, Antihistamines, Glucocorticoids