Abstract: Objective To explore the construction of medicine risk management system in medical institutions, based on patient safety objective. Methods The effect of medicine management policies, clinical application management practices, and patient safety objective, such as patient identity recognition, the use of high risk drugs or similar medicine, the report of drug safety event(adverse event), the effective communication among medical staff, and patient's participation in medical safety activities were analyzed. Results and Conclusion The construction of medicine risk management system in medical institutions is an important part of medical quality management, and is a basic requirement to achieve the objectives of patient safety and rational drug use. Key words: patient safety objective; medical institutions; risk management