中国药物警戒 ›› 2025, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (5): 560-563.
DOI: 10.19803/j.1672-8629.20241032

• 基础与临床研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

马醉木等3种毒性中药的形态、化学成分与安全性研究

狄瑞毅1,2, 徐璐1,2, 杨晶凡1, 朱利利1, 薛淑娟1,2,3, 陈随清1,2,3,4,*, 孙孝亚1,2,3#   

  1. 1河南中医药大学,河南 郑州 450046;
    2河南省中药资源与中药化学重点实验室,河南 郑州 450046;
    3豫药全产业链研发河南省协同创新中心,河南 郑州 450046;
    4呼吸疾病中医药防治省部共建协同创新中心,河南 郑州 450046
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-24 出版日期:2025-05-15 发布日期:2025-05-19
  • 通讯作者: *陈随清,男,教授,博导,中药品种整理与质量标准研究。E-mail：suiqingchen0371@163.com;#为共同通信作者。
  • 作者简介:狄瑞毅,女,硕士,中药鉴定、资源与评价。
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划（2023YFC3504005）; 国家科技基础资源调查专项（2018FY100802-03）; 河南省中药材产业技术体系（豫农科教[2018]14号）

Morphology, Chemical Composition and Safety of Three Toxic Traditional Chinese Medicines

DI Ruiyi1,2, XU Lu1,2, YANG Jingfan1, ZHU Lili1, XUE Shujuan1,2,3, CHEN Suiqing1,2,3,4,*, SUN Xiaoya1,2,3#   

  1. 1Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou Henan 450046, China;
    2Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resources and Chinese Medicine Chemistry, Zhengzhou Henan 450046, China;
    3Collaborative Innovation Center of Research and Development on the Whole Industry Chain of Yu-Yao, Zhengzhou Henan 450046, China;
    4Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-Constructed by Henan Province and Education Ministry of PRC, Zhengzhou Henan 450046, China
  • Received:2024-12-24 Online:2025-05-15 Published:2025-05-19

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摘要： 目的 对3种毒性中药进行显微形态研究,总结马醉木、虎耳草、含羞草3种毒性中药的化学成分及安全性研究进展,提高其临床用药的安全性。方法 采用光学显微镜、体式显微镜、扫描电子显微镜对3种毒性中药进行显微鉴别,并对其化学成分和安全性研究简要概述。结果 马醉木叶表面有少量棒状单细胞腺毛及大量单细胞非腺毛,气孔平轴式,主脉含1个双韧型维管束,其活性成分主要是萜类、黄酮类及酚酸类,其中四环二萜类化合物虽具有抗病毒、抗肿瘤等药理活性,但其对呼吸系统及心脏有直接作用,可能会导致中毒。虎耳草茎表面有非腺毛及单柄腺毛,除表皮细胞较小外,其余细胞均较大;叶柄气孔多为不定式,气孔聚集且聚集处细胞较周围细胞小,其活性成分主要是黄酮类、多酚以及萜类化合物,其中黄酮类化合物表现出抗氧化、抗炎等多种药理作用,但其有效成分也可能引发毒副反应。含羞草叶缘和茎表面可见稀疏非腺毛,气孔平轴式或不定式,上表皮气孔较下表皮少;内外种皮细胞网格状排列,内种皮细胞明显较外种皮细胞大且细胞壁明显增厚,其活性成分主要是生物碱类,在发挥抗肿瘤、抗纤维化作用的同时也可能引起毛发脱落等毒副反应。结论 3种毒性中药都有鲜明的显微特征,具有重要药用价值的同时也存在一定的毒副作用,应进一步加强对3种毒性中药的研究,加强安全监测,明确其中毒机制、相关通路及靶器官,提高临床用药的安全性。

关键词: 马醉木, 虎耳草, 含羞草, 形态研究, 化学成分, 安全性

Abstract: Objective To study the micromorphology, chemical components, and safety of three toxic traditional Chinese medicines in order to enhance the safety of their clinical use. Methods Optical microscopy, stereo microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy were adopted to conduct microscopic identification of three toxic traditional Chinese medicines while studies on their chemical composition and safety were reviewed. Results The surface of Pieris japonica leaves had a small amount of unicellular glandular hairs but a large amount of unicellular non-glandular hairs. The stomata were paracytic, and the main vein contained one bicolateral vascular bundle. The active components included terpenoids, flavonoids and phenolic acids. Among these, tetracyclic diterpenoids exhibited significant pharmacological activities. However, they could also have a direct impact on the respiratory system and heart, leading to toxicity. The surface of Saxifraga stolonifera stems had non-glandular hairs and unicellular stalked glandular hairs. The other cells were relatively large except for epidermal cells. The stomata on the petiole were mostly anomocytic and aggregated. The cells located where the stomata were aggregated were smaller than the ones around. The active components included flavonoids, polyphenols, and terpenoids. Among these, flavonoids exerted various pharmacological effects , but might possibly trigger toxic side effects. The leaf edges and stem- surfaces of Mimosa pudica showed sparse non-glandular hairs, with stomata either paracytic or anomocytic. The upper epidermis had fewer stomata than the lower epidermis. The inner and outer seed coat cells were arranged in a grid-like pattern, with the former significantly larger than the latter, and the cell walls were noticeably thickened. The active components were mostly alkaloids, which demonstrated antitumor and antifibrotic effects, but might also have toxic side effects. Conclusion All the three toxic traditional Chinese medicines exhibit distinct microscopic characteristics and are of medicinal value, yet they also have toxic side effects. There is the need for more research on their toxic mechanisms, related pathways and target organs.

Key words: Peris Japonica, Saxifraga Stolonifera, Mimosa Pudica, Morphological Studies, Chemical Components, Safety

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