Common Adverse Drug Events due to Long-term Medication with Chloroquine / Hydroxychloroquine and Drug Interactions

doi:10.19803/j.1672-8629.2020.05.02

Abstract

Abstract: ObjectiveTo investigate the possible adverse drug reactions caused by long-term use of chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine (CQ/HCQ) and related risk factors in order to provide evidence for rational clinical applications of these drugs. Methods Electronic databases including PubMed, CNKI and Wanfang were searched for possible ADR/AE caused by CQ/HCQ administration. ADR/AE that occurred more than 3 months after medication were identified as long-term ADR/AE. Results A total of 1 280 articles were retrieved, 85 of which were adopted. Among the 85 articles, 51 involved visual impairment, including 35 cases of maculopathy, 15 cases of vision decline, 1 case of retinopathy, 1 case of color blindness, and 2 cases of blindness. There were 15 cases of improvement after drug withdrawal, but 38 patients didn't recover. Most of the cases of visual impairment could not recover with a cumulative dose >1 000 g and after more than 5 years of medication. There were also 24 articles on heart related ADR/AE involving 31 patients. These ADR/AE involved 25 cases of conduction block, 17 cases of myocardial injury and 15 cases of heart failure. There were 4 cases of death, 6 cases of implantation with pacemakers and 4 cases of heart transplantation. There were 5 articles related to skin ADR/AE and another 5 ones related to other ADR/AE. Conclusion CQ/HCQ can cause serious ADR/AE, including cardiotoxicity, maculopathy, and hypoacusis. CQ/HCQ is mainly metabolized by CYP450 enzyme, so drug interactions deserve attention.

Key words: chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, adverse drug events, literature analysis, drug interactions

CLC Number:

R994.11

WEI Hongtao, SHEN Su, DI Xuan, CUI Can, LIAO Yin, SONG Yao. Common Adverse Drug Events due to Long-term Medication with Chloroquine / Hydroxychloroquine and Drug Interactions[J]. Chinese Journal of Pharmacovigilance, 2020, 17(5): 261-266.

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