中药对神经干细胞影响作用研究进展

doi:10.19803/j.1672-8629.20260203

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的回顾2017年以来中药对神经干细胞（NSCs）增殖、分化、凋亡及神经保护的调控作用与分子机制,为中医药防治脑缺血、阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病等神经系统疾病提供参考。方法检索中国知网、万方数据、维普网、PubMed等数据库,检索时限为2017年1月1日—2025年12月31日,以“神经干细胞、中药、增殖、分化、凋亡、神经保护、信号通路”为检索词,对中药单体、有效部位、提取物、单方及复方制剂调控神经干细胞的研究进行归纳、分析与综述。结果具有益肾、健脾、活血、益智、清热解毒功效的中药可通过调控Shh、Wnt/β-Catenin、PI3K/AKT、Notch、ERK、JAK2/STAT3、Nrf2等核心信号通路,改善神经发生微环境,减轻氧化应激与炎症反应,抑制神经干细胞凋亡,促进内源性神经干细胞增殖并向神经元定向分化,发挥神经保护作用;中药复方可通过多成分、多靶点、多通路协同作用,整体调控效果优于单体成分。结论中药对神经干细胞生物学行为具有明确、稳定的调控作用,近年来相关研究在机制深度、靶点特异性与转化价值方面显著提升,但临床转化研究仍较薄弱。未来应结合人工智能、生物成像、纳米递送系统开展更深入的机制研究与临床试验,推动中医药在神经修复领域的临床应用。

关键词: 神经干细胞, 中药, 增殖, 分化, 凋亡, 神经保护, 机制

Abstract: Objective To review the recent advances in research on the effects of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) on the proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and neuroprotection of neural stem cells (NSCs) and on related molecular mechanisms made since 2017 so as to provide data for the prevention and treatment of such neurological diseases as cerebral ischemia, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease with TCMs. Methods CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, PubMed were searched for related literature published in 2017-2025 by using “neural stem cells, traditional Chinese medicine, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, neuroprotection, signaling pathway” as key words. The effects of TCM monomers, effective parts, extracts, single prescriptions and compound preparations on NSCs were summarized and analyzed. Results TCMs with kidney-tonifying, spleen-strengthening, blood-activating, intellect-enhancing, and heat-clearing/detoxifying properties could regulate core signaling pathways—including Shh, Wnt/β-catenin, PI3K/Akt, Notch, ERK, JAK2/STAT3, and Nrf2. They could also improve the neurogenic microenvironment, reduce oxidative stress and inflammatory response, inhibit apoptosis of NSCs, promote the proliferation of endogenous NSCs and their directional differentiation into neurons, and exert neuroprotective effects. So TCM formulas had better overall regulatory effects than monomeric components, which was attributed to their synergistic actions involving multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway mechanisms. Conclusion TCMs can exert distinct and stable regulatory effects on the biological behaviors of neural stem cells (NSCs). The past few years have witnessed significant advancements in research in this field in terms of mechanistic depth, target specificity, and translational value. However, studies on clinical translation remain relatively limited. Subsequent research should integrate artificial intelligence, bio-imaging, and nano-delivery systems to conduct more in-depth mechanistic investigations and clinical trials so as to facilitate the clinical applications of TCMs in neural repair.

Key words: Neural Stem Cells (NSCs), Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Proliferation, Differentiation, Apoptosis, Neuroprotection, Mechanism

中图分类号:

彭丽丽, 范燕, 田春华, 肖苏萍. 中药对神经干细胞影响作用研究进展[J]. 中国药物警戒, 2026, 23(5): 585-589.

PENG Lili, FAN Yan, TIAN Chunhua, XIAO Suping. Research Progress in Effects of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Neural Stem Cells[J]. Chinese Journal of Pharmacovigilance, 2026, 23(5): 585-589.

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https://zgywjj.magtechjournal.com/CN/Y2026/V23/I5/585

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