降尿酸药物研究进展

doi:10.19803/j.1672-8629.20240857

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的探究降尿酸药物的研究进展,为其临床用药提供参考。方法检索国家药品监督管理局官网、中国知网、万方数据库以及PubMed,对2014年4月1日至2024年9月1日治疗痛风慢性期的尿酸盐阴离子转运蛋白1（Urate Transporter 1, URAT1）抑制剂、黄嘌呤氧化酶（Xanthine Oxidase, XO）抑制剂和外源性尿酸氧化酶3类安全性信息汇总;通过Cortellis平台对处于临床在研阶段的27种降尿酸药物主要信息进行分析。结果尿酸盐阴离子转运蛋白1（URAT1）抑制剂的不良反应多集中在消化系统,主要表现为肝功能异常;XO抑制剂和外源性尿酸氧化酶的不良反应多集中在对皮肤黏膜损害和血液系统损害,主要表现为免疫原性反应和严重心血管事件等。目前临床研发的降尿酸药物作用靶点多集中为URAT1抑制剂,通过增加尿酸的排出量,减少痛风的患病及发病风险。结论 3类药物为治疗慢性期痛风的主要药物,其不良反应应持续得到关注;未来降尿酸药物的研究应聚焦于双靶点或新靶点的特色优势药物,为临床治疗提供更多选择,保障患者安全用药。

关键词: 痛风慢性期, 降尿酸药物, URAT1抑制剂, XO抑制剂, 外源性尿酸氧化酶, 药品不良反应

Abstract: Objective To explore the research progress in uric acid-lowering drugs so as to provide a reference for their clinical applications. Methods By accessing the official websites of the National Medical Products Administration, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Database and PubMed, information was collected on the safety of uric acid-lowering drugs, including urate transporter 1 (URAT1) inhibitors, xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitors and exogenous uricase, which were used in the treatment of chronic gout between April 1, 2014, and September 1, 2024. In addition, the key information on 27 uric acid-lowering drugs currently under development was analyzed using the Cortellis platform. Results The adverse reactions of URAT1 inhibitors mostly involved the digestive system, manifested as liver function abnormalities. The adverse reactions caused by XO inhibitors and exogenous uric acid oxidases primarily manifested themselves as skin and mucous membrane damage and blood system damage, such as immunogenic reactions and serious cardiovascular events. The targets of action for most of the currently-developed anti-gout drugs were URAT1 inhibitors, which increased the excretion of uric acid while reducing the incidence of gout. Conclusion Although three types of drugs are usually used for the treatment of chronic gout, the potential adverse reactions remain a concern. Future research and development of anti-gout drugs should focus on dual-target or new-target drugs with unique advantages in order to offer more options for the clinical treatment of patients.

Key words: Chronic Gout, Uric Acid-Lowering Drugs, URAT1 Inhibitors, XO Inhibitors, Exogenous Uric Acid Oxidase, Adverse Drug Reactions

中图分类号:

R977
R994.11

闫彩瑛, 覃淋英, 徐瑶青, 王欣格, 柴囡楠, 成龙. 降尿酸药物研究进展[J]. 中国药物警戒, 2025, 22(5): 592-595.

YAN Caiying, QIN Linying, XU Yaoqing, WANG Xinge, CHAI Nannan, CHEN Long. Research Progress in Uric Acid-Lowering Drugs[J]. Chinese Journal of Pharmacovigilance, 2025, 22(5): 592-595.

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