中国药物警戒 ›› 2017, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (5): 289-294.

• 法规与管理研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

1 109所基层医疗机构的药品不良反应认知及呈报情况调研

李昂1, 张冰1, 2, 张晓朦1, 2, 孙小霞1, 杨雪1, 李凡1   

  1. 1北京中医药大学中药学院,北京 100029;
    2北京中医药大学中药药物警戒与合理用药研究中心,北京 100029
  • 收稿日期:2017-07-12 修回日期:2017-07-12 出版日期:2017-05-20 发布日期:2017-07-12
  • 通讯作者: 张冰,女,博士,教授/主任医师,中药药物警戒与合理用药、中药药性理论研究、中药防治代谢性疾病。E-mail: zhangbing6@263.net
  • 基金资助:
    北京中医药大学教育科学研究课题（重点课题）：基于"药学服务"的临床中药师培养模式研究与实践（编号：XJY15002）; 中央高校建设世界一流大学（学科）和特色发展引导专项（2016年）（临床中药学学科建设）

Investigation on the Situation of Cognition and Reporting of Adverse Drug Reactions in 1 109 Basic Medical Institutions

LI Ang1, ZHANG Bing1, 2, *, ZHANG Xiao-meng1, 2, SUN Xiao-xia1, YANG Xue1, LI Fan1   

  1. 1School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China;
    2Center for Pharmacovigilanceand Rational Use of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
  • Received:2017-07-12 Revised:2017-07-12 Online:2017-05-20 Published:2017-07-12

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摘要： 目的 了解我国基层医疗机构对药品不良反应（Adverse drug reaction, ADR）的认知程度和呈报情况,探讨我国基层医疗机构ADR呈报中存在的问题,为制定相关培训方案提供参考。方法 采用问卷调查方式,对来自29个省、自治区、直辖市的1 109个基层医疗机构的医务人员以不记名方式进行调查,内容涉及受访者的基本资料、受访者对药品不良反应（事件）的认知、ADR呈报及获得的反馈情况。将回收的调查问卷信息进行分类、归纳、统计与分析。结果 发放问卷1 109份,回收率100%。在被调查的基层医务人员中,西医执业者占53.02%;中医执业者占13.44%;中西医结合执业者占29.76%,具有中专或大专学历者占86.3%。有428个基层医疗机构呈报过ADR,占总数的38.59%。有69.79%的基层医疗机构能正确理解药物不良反应的概念,70.87%的机构能正确区分药品不良反应类型,但了解药品不良反应发生原因的仅占10.82%。有68.71%的基层医疗机构不了解ADR呈报要求。另外有ADR呈报奖励可以促进基层医疗机构呈报ADR。结论 有相当比例的基层医疗机构对ADR的认知度仍然较低,对ADR呈报方式及流程了解不足。对ADR呈报进行奖金奖励有助于提高基层医疗机构ADR呈报的积极性。有必要对基层医疗机构有针对性的开展系统的ADR认知及呈报的培训,并采取一定帮助和奖励措施,促进基层医疗机构更好的呈报ADR。

关键词: 基层医疗机构, 药物不良反应, 不良反应呈报, 调查

Abstract: Objective To know the cognition degree and reported condition on adverse drug reactions (ADR) of the basic medical institutions in China, analyze the problems of ADR reporting in it, and to provide references for training scheme. Methods With the anonymous survey questionnaires, we investigated the grassroots medical staff which from 1 109 basic medical institutions in 29 provinces. The contents of questionnaires included the basic information of respondents, the cognition of ADR, the situation of ADR reporting and feedback. Then we made classification, induction, statistics and analysis to survey questionnaire information. Results 1 109 questionnaires were distributed, and the recovery was 100%. 53.02% of the people who had been investigated was western medicine professional, 13.44% was Chinese medical professional and 29.76% was integrated Chinese and western medical professional and 86.30% had technical secondary school or college degree. There were 428 basic medical institutions who reported ADR, accounting for 38.59% of the total. 69.79% of basic medical institutions could understand concept of ADR, 70.87% could distinguish the type of ADR, but only 10.82% could understand the occurrence reason of ADR, 68.71% didn’t know reporting requirement of ADR. Besides, rewards could promote basic medical institutions to report ADR. Conclusion Many basic medical institutions have lower cognition, and lack of understanding in reporting process of ADR. Having bonus rewards can improve the positivity in reporting ADR. It is necessary for basic medical institutions to implement systematic trains of ADR cognition and reporting, and adopt proper measures of help and rewards to promote basic medical institutions to report ADR better.

Key words: basic medical institutions, adverse drug reaction, ADR reporting, investigation

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