105例药物中毒患者临床特点分析

doi:10.19803/j.1672-8629.20260017

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的探讨药物中毒患者的流行病学特征、药物类型分布、中毒原因及预后的影响因素。方法收集郴州市第一人民医院2023年12月31日至2024年12月31日收治的105例药物中毒患者的临床资料,采用描述性分析、卡方检验及多因素Logistic回归分析,对患者的性别、年龄、毒物种类、中毒原因、临床干预措施及转归进行统计分析。结果 105例患者中,男性36例（34.28%）,女性69例（65.72%）,平均年龄（21±14）岁,≤18岁青少年占比最高（64.76%）。中毒药物以抗精神病药最常见（27.62%）。服药自杀是主要中毒原因（67.62%）,尤其在13~18岁青少年中占比达94.00%,且女性中服药自杀占比（78.26%）显著高于男性（47.22%）。Logistic回归分析显示,住院时长、年龄、性别、精神疾病史、中毒药物分类、治疗药物监测、洗胃及血液净化等因素均非影响患者预后（治愈与否）的独立危险因素（P均>0.05）。结论本地区药物中毒患者以青少年女性为主,服药自杀为主要原因,精神类药物是主要中毒药物品种。未来防控应重点关注青少年心理健康及精神类药物规范管理。

关键词: 药物中毒, 抗精神病药, 服药自杀, 青少年, 流行病学特征, Logistic回归分析

Abstract: Objective To explore the epidemiology, distribution of drug types, causes of poisoning, and factors influencing the prognosis of patients with drug poisoning in order to provide evidence for developing strategies for targeted prevention and clinical management. Methods The clinical data of 105 patients with drug poisoning admitted to The First People’s Hospital of Chenzhou City between December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2024 was retrieved. Descriptive analysis, the chi-square test, and multivariable logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the patients’ gender, age, types of drugs, causes of poisoning, clinical interventions, and prognosis. Results Among the 105 patients, 36 (34.28%) were male and 69 (65.72%) were female, with an average age of (21±14) years. The proportion of adolescents ages 18 and younger was the highest (64.76%). The most commonly-used drug was antipsychotics (27.62%). Self-poisoning by medication was the leading cause of poisoning (67.62%), particularly among adolescents aged 13-18 (94.00%), with the female suicide rate by drug ingestion (78.26%) significantly higher than that of males (47.22%). Logistic regression analysis indicated that the length of hospital stay, age, gender, history of mental illness, categories of intoxicating agents, therapeutic drug monitoring, gastric lavage, and blood purification were not independent risk factors for prognosis(cured or not) (all P>0.05). Conclusion In this region, adolescent females represent the primary population affected by drug poisoning, with self-poisoning by medication being the primary cause. Antipsychotic drugs are the primary category of toxic substances. Prevention efforts should prioritize mental health of adolescents and the regulation of antipsychotic drugs for future prevention and control efforts.

Key words: Drug Poisoning, Antipsychotic Drugs, Self-Poisoning by Medication, Adolescents, Epidemiological Charac-teristics, Logistic Regression Analysis

中图分类号:

R994.11

肖悦, 陈慧琳, 刘慧英, 刘英杰, 胡议匀, 徐世希. 105例药物中毒患者临床特点分析[J]. 中国药物警戒, 2026, 23(8): 914-918.

Xiao Yue, Chen Huilin, Liu Huiying, Liu Yingjie, Hu Yiyun, Xu Shixi. Clinical characteristics of 105 cases of drug poisoning[J]. Chinese Journal of Pharmacovigilance, 2026, 23(8): 914-918.

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