中国药物警戒 ›› 2026, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (8): 875-879.
DOI: 10.19803/j.1672-8629.20260239

• 基础与临床研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

HPLC法比较不同产地和不同采收期槟榔药材的生物碱含量

朱韬1, 白氏莘2,Δ, 凌婕1, 昝珂3,*, 张荣林4,5, 林雀跃1#   

  1. 1广西壮族自治区药品检验研究院中药民族药检验研究所,广西 南宁 530022;
    2越南卫生部中央药品检验院,越南 河内 11018;
    3中国食品药品检定研究院中药民族药检定所,北京 102629;
    4广西—东盟食品检验检测中心,广西 南宁 530029;
    5国家市场监督管理总局技术创新中心（天然香料香精）,广西 南宁 530029
  • 收稿日期:2026-03-25 出版日期:2026-08-15 发布日期:2026-08-17
  • 通讯作者: *昝珂,男,博士,研究员,中药标准与质量评价。E-mail：6206310@qq.com#为共同通信作者。
  • 作者简介:朱韬,男,硕士,工程师,中药质量评价。Δ为并列第一作者。
  • 基金资助:
    广西科学技术厅“2024年度东盟杰出青年科学家入桂工作项目”（ATYSP2024011）; 中国-东盟合作基金项目“深化东南亚药材质量研究合作,打造中国-东盟药材质量交流平台”; 国家重点研发计划（2023YFC3504103）; 广西省自然科学基金资助项目（2026GXNSFAA00641324）

Contents of alkaloids in Arecae Semen grown in different areas and harvested at different times by HPLC

Zhu Tao1, Bach Thitham2,Δ, Ling Jie1, Zan Ke3,*, Zhang Ronglin4,5, Lin Queyue1#   

  1. 1Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, Guangxi Institute for Drug Control, Nanning Guangxi 530022, China;
    2Vietnam-National Institute of Drug Quality Control, Hanoi 11018, Vietnam;
    3Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China;
    4Guangxi-Asean Food Inspection Center, Nanning Guangxi 530029, China;
    5Technology Innovation Center of Natural Fragrances and Flavors, State Administration for Market Regulation, Nanning Guangxi 530029, China
  • Received:2026-03-25 Online:2026-08-15 Published:2026-08-17

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摘要： 目的 通过对不同产地、不同采收期槟榔药材的4种生物碱含量进行测定与分析,确定槟榔的最佳产地及采收期。方法 采用高效液相色谱（HPLC）法同时测定中国（海南、广东、云南）,印度尼西亚,缅甸的槟榔及不同采收期的越南槟榔中槟榔碱、去甲槟榔碱、槟榔次碱和去甲槟榔次碱4种生物碱的含量。色谱柱为XBridge BEH Amide（4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm）,以乙腈（A）-0.2%磷酸水溶液（含0.2%三乙胺）（B）为流动相,梯度洗脱（0~20 min,19%A;20~25 min,19%A→23%A）,检测波长210 nm,流速1 mL·min-1,柱温30℃。结果 不同产地的槟榔生物碱含量具有明显差异,海南和广东样品的槟榔碱含量远高于其他产区,而越南样品的槟榔次碱含量相对较高。槟榔碱和去甲槟榔碱含量在成熟样品中更高,槟榔次碱含量在未成熟样品中反而更高。结论 系统测定了70批来自6个产地（含越南未成熟/成熟）的槟榔样品中4种生物碱含量,揭示了产地间的显著差异（海南、广东远高于其他产区）及越南产区不同采收期的影响,为槟榔的质量控制和采收实践提供参考。

关键词: 槟榔, 生物碱, 高效液相色谱, 不同产地, 不同采收期, 含量测定

Abstract: Objective To determine the optimal origin and harvest time of Arecae Semen by analyzing the contents of four alkaloids in Arecae Semen of different origins and harvested at different times. Methods A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was adopted to determine the contents of four alkaloids, namely guvacoline, arecoline, guvacine, and arecaidine, in Arecae Semen grown in China, Indonesia, Myanmar and Vietnam and harvested at different times. The separation was performed on a Waters XBridge BEH Amide column (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile (A) and 0.2% phosphoric acid (containing 0.2% triethylamine) (B) under gradient elution (0-20 min, 19%A; 20-25 min, 19%→23%A). The detection wavelength was set at 210 nm, the flow rate was 1 mL·min-1, and the column temperature was maintained at 30°C. Results There were significant differences in contents of alkaloids in Arecae Semen of different origins. The contents of alkaloids in Arecae Semen from Hainan and Guangdong were much higher than those of other origins while the content of arecaidine in Vietnamese samples was relatively high. Furthermore, the contents of arecoline and guvacoline were higher in mature samples, whereas the content of arecaidine was higher in immature samples. Conclusion There are significant differences in contents of alkaloids in Arecae Semen collected from different areas and harvested at different times. This study is expected to provide data for finding better production areas and harvesting periods.

Key words: Arecae Semen, Alkaloid, High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), Different Origins, Different Harvest Times, Content Determination

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