基孔肯雅疫苗上市后不良反应及机制探讨

doi:10.19803/j.1672-8629.20250767

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的探讨已上市的2种基孔肯雅疫苗即减毒活疫苗IXCHIQ与病毒样颗粒疫苗VIMKUNYA不良反应及相关机制,为基孔肯雅疫苗研发与应用提供参考。方法检索PubMed、ScienceDirect、中国知网等数据库,对基孔肯雅疫苗上市情况、不良反应进行整理,并对比分析减毒活疫苗IXCHIQ（约40 000例）、病毒样颗粒疫苗VIMKUNYA（约12 800例）人群接种后发生的不良反应及其相关机制。结果减毒活疫苗IXCHIQ上市后发生的不良反应包括发热、关节疼痛、头痛、肌痛、注射部位疼痛等,这些反应与抗原暴露、Mxra8受体高表达、炎症介质增加等机制相关;减毒活疫苗IXCHIQ已报道多起累及心血管与神经系统严重不良事件,推测与直接感染、免疫介导、NLRP3炎性小体放大作用相关。病毒样颗粒疫苗VIMKUNYA上市时间较短,不良反应报道较少,不良反应包括发热、晕厥、疲劳、头痛、肌痛、关节疼痛等。结论临床应用基孔肯雅减毒活疫苗IXCHIQ时,需警惕严重不良反应的发生;病毒样颗粒疫苗VIMKUNYA安全性数据需持续监测。

关键词: 基孔肯雅疫苗, IXCHIQ, VIMKUNYA, 不良反应, 机制, 安全监测

Abstract: Objective To explore the post-marketing adverse reactions of two Chikungunya vaccines-the live attenuated vaccine IXCHIQ and the virus-like particle vaccine VIMKUNYA-and related mechanisms in order to contribute to the development and applications of Chikungunya vaccines in the future. Methods Such databases as PubMed, ScienceDirect and CNKI were searched for information on the marketing and adverse reactions of Chikungunya vaccines before the adverse reactions and related mechanisms were compared and analyzed. Results The post-marketing adverse reactions of the live attenuated vaccine IXCHIQ included fever, joint pain, headache and myalgia, and pain at the site of injection, which were related to such mechanisms as exposures to antigens, high expressions of Mxra8 receptor, and increased inflammatory mediators. Dozens of serious adverse events were reported that involved the cardiovascular and nervous systems, and were believed to be linked to direct infections, immune mediation, and amplification of NLRP3 inflammasomes. VIMKUNYA, a virus-like particle vaccine, was put on markets not long ago, so there were relatively few reports of adverse reactions, including fever, syncope, fatigue, headache, myalgia and joint pain. Conclusion The clinical use of the live attenuated vaccine IXCHIQ requires vigilance about serious adverse reactions. The data on safety of the virus-like particle vaccine VIMKUNYA needs to be monitored all the time.

Key words: Chikungunya Virus (CHIKV) Vaccines, IXCHIQ, VIMKUNYA, Adverse Drug Reaction, Mechanisms, Safety Monitoring

中图分类号:

R978
R994.11

刘孟歆, 陈志海. 基孔肯雅疫苗上市后不良反应及机制探讨[J]. 中国药物警戒, 2026, 23(3): 296-301.

LIU Mengxin, CHEN Zhihai. Mechanisms of Post-Marketing Adverse Reactions of Chikungunya Vaccines[J]. Chinese Journal of Pharmacovigilance, 2026, 23(3): 296-301.

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