间充质干细胞外泌体研究进展

doi:10.19803/j.1672-8629.20250908

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的探讨间充质干细胞外泌体在疾病治疗中的研究现状、核心机制、机遇与挑战,为后续间充质干细胞外泌体的临床转化提供策略参考。方法以“间充质干细胞”与“外泌体”为关键词,检索PubMed近10年相关文献,总结间充质干细胞研究与应用,系统阐述间充质干细胞外泌体的发现、成分及发挥作用的核心机制,并对间充质干细胞临床应用面临的挑战进行分析。结果间充质干细胞外泌体是间充质干细胞发挥功能的重要介质,在多种疾病的治疗中具有重要应用前景;相较于间充质干细胞本身,其衍生的外泌体因结构更简单、免疫原性可能更低,被认为在质控和安全性评估上具有相对优势;同时,其纳米级尺寸理论上有助于克服血脑屏障等递送障碍,因而被视为一个具有转化潜力的研究方向。结论间充质干细胞外泌体是当前再生医学领域的研究热点之一,其基础研究与临床转化探索正处于快速发展阶段。研究显示,与完整的间充质干细胞治疗相比,外泌体理论上具有更低的免疫原性风险、更强的组织穿透与靶向递送潜力,这些特点使其在解决传统细胞疗法面临的某些挑战方面展现出应用前景,由此催生的“无细胞治疗”策略,可能在一定程度上为干细胞疗法提供新的发展路径。

关键词: 间充质干细胞, 外泌体, 免疫原性, 靶向, 干细胞疗法, 药理机制, 临床应用

Abstract: Objective To explore the current research, core mechanisms, opportunities, and challenges related to mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes in disease treatment, and to provide references for their subsequent clinical translation. Methods PubMed was searched for related literature by using mesenchymal stem cell and exosome as key words. Articles published within the past ten years and those published earlier were included to summarize the research findings and applications associated with the discovery, components and functional mechanisms of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes. Challenges facing the clinical translation of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes were discussed. Results Exosomes were the crucial mediator of functions of mesenchymal stem cells and could be potentially used for the treatment of diseases. Exosomes enjoyed advantages over mesenchymal stem cells in quality control and safety assessment due to their simpler structure and lower immunogenicity. In addition, mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes were nanoscale in size, making it possible for them to cross the blood-brain barrier. These exosomes promised to be a sphere of study that was capable of easy translation. Conclusion Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes are one of the hot spots for regenerative medicine and rapid progress is being made in basic research and clinical translation. There is evidence that exosomes are lower in immunogenicity, stronger in tissue penetration and higher in targeting potential compared with mesenchymal stem cell therapies, which makes mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes superior to traditional stem cell therapies. The cell-free therapy strategy generated herein can possibly provide a new line of thought for research into stem cell therapies.

Key words: Mesenchymal Stem Cell, Exosome, Immunogenicity, Target, Stem Cell Therapies, Pharmacological Mechanisms, Clinical Application

中图分类号:

R915
R994.11

柏志杰, 高月. 间充质干细胞外泌体研究进展[J]. 中国药物警戒, 2026, 23(1): 1-6.

BAI Zhijie, GAO Yue. Advances in Research of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes[J]. Chinese Journal of Pharmacovigilance, 2026, 23(1): 1-6.

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