中国药物警戒 ›› 2026, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (1): 77-82.
DOI: 10.19803/j.1672-8629.20250273

• 基础与临床研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于斑马鱼模型评价4种毒性虫类中药的急性毒性与靶向器官发育毒性研究

陈韵心1,2, 王聿珩1, 荣妍1, 魏晓露1, 陈丽华1, 周雅文2, 姚治栗3, 徐懿乔3, 张勇3, 赵海誉1#, 王慧君1,*   

  1. 1中国中医科学院中药研究所,道地药材与品质保障全国重点实验室,北京 100700;
    2北京工商大学轻工科学与工程学院,北京 102488;
    3杭州环特生物科技股份有限公司,浙江 杭州 310051
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-29 出版日期:2026-01-15 发布日期:2026-01-15
  • 通讯作者: *王慧君,女,博士,助理研究员,生物效应评价。E-mail: hjwang0819@icmm.ac.cn; #为共同通信作者。
  • 作者简介:陈韵心,女,在读硕士,生物效应评价。
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划（2024YFA1209900、2024YFA1209904）; 国家科技重大专项重大新药创制（2019ZX09201005-006）; 中国中医科学院科技创新工程项目（CI2023E001TS09、CI2021B016）

Evaluation of Acute Toxicity and Developmental Toxicity of Target Organs of Four Venomous Insecticidal Traditional Chinese Medicines Based on Zebrafish Modeling

CHEN Yunxin1,2, WANG Yuheng1, RONG Yan1, WEI Xiaolu1, CHEN Lihua1, ZHOU Yawen2, YAO Zhili3, XU Yiqiao3, ZHANG Yong3, ZHAO Haiyu1#, WANG Huijun1,*   

  1. 1Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China;
    2School of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 102488, China;
    3Hunter Biotechnology Inc., Hangzhou Zhejian 310051, China
  • Received:2025-04-29 Online:2026-01-15 Published:2026-01-15

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摘要： 目的 采用斑马鱼模型对土鳖虫（EUPOLYPHAGA SEU POLYPHAGA）、全蝎（SCORPIO）、水蛭（HIRUDO）和蜈蚣（SCOLOPENDRA）4种毒性虫类中药进行急性毒性及靶器官发育毒性评价,为其安全性研究提供参考。方法 通过测定5.0、3.75、2.5、1.0、0.5 mg·mL-1这5种浓度的毒性虫类水煎液对斑马鱼胚胎的半数致死浓度（LC50）,及对消化系统、神经系统、心脏、肝脏等系统-器官的靶向毒性作用,对其安全性进行综合评价。结果 4种毒性虫类药材均表现出显著胚胎毒性,蜈蚣（LC50为0.60~1.33 mg·mL-1）和水蛭（LC50为0.86~1.35 mg·mL-1）的毒性显著高于全蝎（LC50为0.91~2.30 mg·mL-1）和土鳖虫（LC50为1.54~2.58 mg·mL-1）。靶器官发育毒性分析结果显示,土鳖虫主要影响心脏（诱发率为41.56%）,蜈蚣影响肠道（诱发率为40.52%）。结论 本研究发现水蛭的毒性高于全蝎,提示传统分级与实验结果可能存在一定偏差,斑马鱼毒性评价模型的结果有望为中药毒性分级优化与安全剂量界限的设定提供参考。

关键词: 虫类药材, 土鳖虫, 全蝎, 水蛭, 蜈蚣, 毒性, 半数致死浓度, 斑马鱼, 靶向器官, 安全性

Abstract: Objective To assess the acute toxicity and developmental toxicity of target organs of four poisonous insect traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs), namely EUPOLYPHAGA SEU POLYPHAGA, SCORPIO, HIRUDO and SCOLOPENDRA, in order to provide data for studies on their safety. Methods The safety was assessed by determining the median lethal concentration (LC50) of aqueous decoctions of poisonous insects at five concentrations (5.0, 3.75, 2.5, 1.0, and 0.5 mg·mL⁻¹) in zebrafish embryos. The toxic effects on such targeted system and organs as the heart, liver, digestive system, and nervous system were investigated. Results The four poisonous insect-derived medicinal materials all exhibited strong embryotoxicity, especially SCOLOPENDRA (LC50: 0.60-1.33 mg·mL-1) and HIRUDO (LC50: 0.86-1.35 mg·mL-1). Analysis of developmental toxicity in target organs found that EUPOLYPHAGA SEU POLYPHAGA primarily affected cardiac development (at an induction rate of 41.56%) while SCOLOPENDRA impacted intestinal development (at an induction rate of 40.52%). Conclusion This study suggests that HIRUDO is more toxic than SCORPIO. The results from the evaluation model for zebrafish toxicity are expected to provide data for optimizing the toxicity classification of traditional Chinese medicines and setting safety dose limits.

Key words: Insect-Derived Medicinal Materials, EUPOLY-PHAGA SEU POLYPHAGA, SCORPIO, HIRUDO, SCOLO-PENDRA, Toxicity, Median Lethal Concentration, Zebrafish, Target Organ, Safety

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