全球消灭脊髓灰质炎倡议终局阶段的疫苗研发进展

doi:10.19803/j.1672-8629.20260303

中国药物警戒 ›› 2026, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (8): 948-953.
DOI: 10.19803/j.1672-8629.20260303

全球消灭脊髓灰质炎倡议终局阶段的疫苗研发进展

权娅茹, 张素, 陈国庆^*

中国食品药品检定研究院生物制品检定所,北京 102629

收稿日期:2026-04-17 出版日期:2026-08-15 发布日期:2026-08-17
通讯作者: ^*陈国庆,男,本科,助理研究员,生物制品质量控制。E-mail: chengq@nifdc.org.cn
作者简介:权娅茹,女,博士,副研究员,生物制品质量控制。
基金资助:
国家科技重大专项（2025ZD01900601）

Progress in vaccine development during the endgame of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative

Quan Yaru, Zhang Su, Chen Guoqing^*

Institute for Biological Products Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China

Received:2026-04-17 Online:2026-08-15 Published:2026-08-17

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在全球消灭脊髓灰质炎倡议（GPEI）终局阶段,针对传统口服脊髓灰质炎减毒活疫苗（OPV）易引发疫苗衍生脊髓灰质炎病毒（VDPV）暴发、传统灭活脊髓灰质炎疫苗（IPV）在生产过程中存在活病毒生物安全风险的问题,脊髓灰质炎疫苗研发正在从经验减毒转向分子理性设计。本文梳理了新型脊髓灰质炎减毒活疫苗（nOPV）、S19-IPV疫苗、病毒样颗粒（VLP）疫苗进展,提出需多技术协同,推进从基因改良到零活毒生成的技术升级,构建零衍生风险的免疫屏障,实现彻底根除脊髓灰质炎的目标。

关键词: 脊髓灰质炎, 脊髓灰质炎疫苗, 新型脊髓灰质炎减毒活疫苗, S19株, 病毒样颗粒疫苗, 疫苗衍生脊髓灰质炎病毒

Abstract: In the endgame of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI), the research and development of poliovirus vaccines is shifting from empirical attenuation to molecular rational design to address two key safety concerns: the risk of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV) outbreaks triggered by conventional oral poliovirus vaccines (OPVs), and the biosafety risk associated with live virus used in conventional inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) production. This article reviews the research progress in novel oral poliovirus vaccines (nOPV), S19-inactivated poliovirus vaccine (S19-IPV), and virus-like particle (VLP) vaccines. It is recommended that multi-technology synergy be adopted to advance technical upgrades from genetic modification to zero-live-virus production, thereby establishing a robust immune barrier free of derivative risks and achieving complete polio eradication.

Key words: Poliomyelitis, Poliovirus Vaccine, Novel Oral Poliovirus Vaccine (nOPV), S19 Strain, Virus-Like Particle (VLP)vaccine, Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus (VDPV)

中图分类号:

R186
R994.11

权娅茹, 张素, 陈国庆. 全球消灭脊髓灰质炎倡议终局阶段的疫苗研发进展[J]. 中国药物警戒, 2026, 23(8): 948-953.

Quan Yaru, Zhang Su, Chen Guoqing. Progress in vaccine development during the endgame of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative[J]. Chinese Journal of Pharmacovigilance, 2026, 23(8): 948-953.

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全球消灭脊髓灰质炎倡议终局阶段的疫苗研发进展

Progress in vaccine development during the endgame of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative

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