关键词: 新型抗肿瘤药物, 小分子靶向药物, 免疫检查点抑制剂, 皮肤及其附件, 消化系统, 全身性损害, 药品不良反应, 临床药师

Abstract: Objective To analyze the characteristics and patterns of adverse reactions caused by new anti-tumor drugs in a hospital in order to provide references for rational clinical use of drugs. Methods The reports of adverse reactions induced by novel anti-cancer drugs submitted to the National Drug Adverse Reaction Monitoring System between 2021 and 2024 by our hospital were retrieved before the patients' age, gender, usage of drugs, types of adverse reactions, systems (organs) affected and clinical manifestations were analyzed. Results Among the 160 cases of adverse reactions, 78 involved male patients (48.75%) and 82 involved female ones (51.25%). The age of the patients ranged from 36 to 99, with an average age of (63.74 ± 11.50) years. The adverse reactions mostly affected the skin and its appendages (31.38%) and the digestive system (29.29%). The common clinical manifestations were diarrhea (22 cases), nausea (20 cases), hand-foot syndrome (18 cases), rash (18 cases), and pruritus (15 cases). Conclusion The adverse reactions related to new anti-tumor drugs involve patients across age groups and affect multiple systems and organs, including the skin and its appendages, the digestive system, systemic damage, and the circulatory system. When patients use new anti-tumor drugs, special attention should be paid to such adverse reactions as diarrhea, nausea, hand-foot syndrome, rash, and itching, and effective prevention and treatment measures should be taken.

Key words: Novel Antitumor Drugs, Small Molecule Targeting Drugs, Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors, Skin and Its Appendages, Digestive System, Systemic Damage, Adverse Drug Reactions, Clinical Pharmacist