关键词: 药品不良反应, 药疹, 用药监护

Abstract: Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics and patterns of drug eruptions in a hospital to provide reference for prevention and standardized treatment of drug eruptions. Methods 346 cases of drug eruptions in the hospital from 2014 to 2017 were analyzed retrospectively in terms of age, sex, latency and duration of drug eruptions, sensitization drugs, drug eruption types, prognoses and so on. Results Among the 346 cases of drug eruptions, 187 were male (54.05%) and 159 were female (45.95%). The cases of drug eruptions were evenly distributed in all age groups. The shortest latency was 5 minutes, the longest was 28 days. The shortest duration was half an hour, and the longest duration was unknown for it had not improved. The main types of drug eruption were mild drug eruption in 334 cases (96.53%), including measles like eruption type, fixed type, mild erythema multiforme, urticaria type. Severe drug eruptions occurred in 12 cases (4.47%), including severe erythema multiformes and epidermolysis bullosas. The main antimicrobial agents causing drug eruptions were cephalosporins and quinolones. Conclusion Drug eruptions can occur in all age groups and the latencies and durations of drug eruptions were various. Allergenic drugs were mainly antibacterial drugs (35.43%). Majority drug eruptions were mild and curable, but severe drug eruptions that have not be timely diagnosed and treated can cause serious consequences and even be life-threatening. It is suggested that clinical attention should be paid to prevention of drug allergies. Rational selection of drugs, early detection, early diagnosis and timely standard treatment of drug eruptions must be done to avoid the occurrence of severe drug eruptions and reduce their harms.

Key words: adverse drug reaction, drug eruption, drug use monitoring