中国药物警戒 ›› 2012, Vol. 9 ›› Issue (2): 119-122.

• 药品不良反应监测 • 上一篇    下一篇

头孢菌素类药物不良反应文献分析

范铭   

  1. 上海市闵行区中心医院，上海 201199
  • 收稿日期:2011-07-20 出版日期:2012-02-10 发布日期:2015-08-10
  • 作者简介:范铭，男，本科，主管药师，临床药学。

Literature Analysis on the Adverse Reactions of Cephalosporins

FAN Ming   

  1. Minhang District Central Hospital,Shanghai 201199, China
  • Received:2011-07-20 Online:2012-02-10 Published:2015-08-10

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摘要： 目的了解头孢菌素类药物致不良反应（ADRs）的情况，探究其发生规律。方法检索《万方数据》中有关头孢菌素类药物引起ADRs的文献资料（1998~2010），筛选收集其致ADRs的案例报告，按年龄、性别、给药途经、原患疾病、发生时间、愈后等进行统计分析。结果引起ADRs的头孢菌素类药物共有29种，以三代头孢及其酶抑制剂复合制剂为主（56.03%）;居前三位的品种为头孢曲松（19.16%）、头孢哌酮（16.60%）、头孢拉定（11.29%）。在10岁以内的青少年儿童中发生较多（16.08%）;静脉滴注（88.37%）是主要用药方式;多表现为全身性损害、中枢及外周神经系统损害、血小板和出血、凝血异常，所占比例分别为35.67%、19.76%、13.94%;过敏性休克（28.14%）、双硫仑反应（12.74%）、血尿（8.04%）是主要表现形式;发生时间则尤其应注意用药后30min内（37.30%）。过敏性休克多发生于用药10 min内（60.79%）共有53例（4.76%）死亡。结论临床应重视头孢菌素类药物引起的ADRs，尤其是过敏性休克等严重ADRs，鼓励、推广头孢的皮试工作，以确保用药安全。

关键词: 头孢菌素, 不良反应, 文献分析

Abstract: Objective To explore the situation and rules of adverse drug reactions(ADRs) of cephalosporins． MethodsThe ADRs of 29 kinds cephalosporins from 1169 cases,reported in WANFANG date base during 1998 to 2010, were collected and analysis． ResultsThe first 3 place on the 29 kinds of ADRs induced by cephalosporins were ceftriaxone(19.16%)、cefoperazone(16.60%) and cefradin(11.29%)． ADRs of cephalosporins often occurred in pediatric and teenagers under 10 years(16.08%)． The main administration routes were through intravenous injection(88.37%)．The adverse effects involved 16 organs/systems, with the most frequent in systemicr eactions(35.67%), followed by CNS and PNS(19.76%)、blood occurred occasionaly(13.94)． The clinical manifestation of ADRs were anaphylactic shock(28.14%)、disulfiram like reactions (12.74%) and screening(8.04%)． The onset of ADRs was usually within 30 min after administration(37.30%)．The onset of anaphylatic shock was usually within 10 mins after administration(60.79%)． 53 cases(4.76%) died． ConclusionWe should pay more attention to the ADRs of cephalosporins, such as anaphylactic shock．Test of cephalosporins was necessity and importance．

Key words: Cephalosporins, adverse drug reaction, Literature analysis