中国药物警戒 ›› 2011, Vol. 8 ›› Issue (1): 6-10.

• 半夏毒性物质基础研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同醇处理方式对半夏毒性物质基础含量和急毒影响的比较研究

鲍志烨1,2, 陆永辉1, 黄幼异2, 孙蓉1   

  1. 1. 山东省中医药研究院,山东 济南 250014;
    2. 山东中医药大学,山东 济南 250355
  • 收稿日期:2010-08-30 出版日期:2011-01-10 发布日期:2015-08-24
  • 通讯作者: 孙蓉,女,研究员,硕士生导师,中药药理与毒理。E-mail：sunrong107@163.com
  • 作者简介:鲍志烨,男,在读硕士研究生,中药药理与毒理。
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点基础研究发展计划 （973）中医基础理论专项资助项目 （2009CB522802）; 山东省科技平台建设项目（2008GG2NS02021）; 山东省中医局科技发展计划课题（2007-119）

Comparative Study on the Influence of Different Alcohol Extracted Crafts on the Content of Toxical Substances and Acute Toxicity of Rhizoma Pinelliae in Mice

BAO Zhi-ye1,2, LU Yong-hui1, HUANG You-yi2, SUN Rong1   

  1. 1. Shandong Research Academy of TCM, Shandong Jinan 250014, China;
    2. Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong Jinan 250355, China
  • Received:2010-08-30 Online:2011-01-10 Published:2015-08-24

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摘要： 目的 比较不同醇处理方式对半夏总生物碱和总有机酸含量的影响,并对其急性毒性进行观察与评价,为临床用药的安全性提供依据。方法 分别用不同醇处理方式制备半夏不同样品,采用紫外分光光度法,取各供试品溶液与空白对照液,在波长416 nm处测定吸光度,计算总生物碱含量,采用酸碱滴定法测定各样品中总有机酸的含量。按照经典小鼠急毒试验方法,公斤体重法计算最大耐受量（MTD）,测定最大给药量（MLD）,考察半夏75%醇渗、75%醇提（MTD）值,30%醇提组、30%醇渗组（MLD）值,连续给药观察14天,记录各组动物体重变化,毒性症状谱及死亡情况。结果 半夏不同醇处理提取（75%醇渗、75%醇提、30%醇提组、30%醇渗组）中总生物碱含量为75%醇渗液>75%醇提液>30%醇渗液>30%醇提液;总有机酸含量为75%醇渗液>75%醇提液>30%醇提液>30%醇渗液。急毒研究结果显示,半夏75%醇渗MTD可达 94.4 g·kg-1·d-1,相当于临床人用量的734.2倍;半夏75%醇提MTD可达 99.2 g·kg-1·d-1,相当于临床人用量的771.6倍;半夏30%醇提MLD值为295.2 g·kg-1·d-1,相当于临床人用量的2 296.0倍。半夏30%醇渗MLD值为291.6g·kg-1·d-1,相当于临床人用量的2 268.0倍。结论 提取温度和醇提取浓度对半夏毒性相关物质基础含量影响较大,总生物碱和总有机酸部位均在高浓度醇溶液中含量最高,总生物碱的提取还受温度影响,而总有机酸受温度影响不大。急毒试验结果显示,不同醇提取样品毒性大小与总生物碱、总有机酸含量有一定的相关性。

关键词: 半夏, 醇处理, 总生物碱, 总有机酸, 急性毒性

Abstract: Objective The influence of different alcohol extraction on the content of total alkaloid, total organic acid and acute toxicity of Rhizoma Pinelliae caused by different extracted crafts was compared, in order to provide a basis for safe and reasonable medication in clinic. Methods Using different alcohol extracted crafts to prepare the samples. UV method was used to determine the content of total alkaloid at 416nm wavelength, and the content of total organic acid in different samples were determined by acid-base titration. The classical acute toxicity methods were used in this study. The MTD value of 75% alcohol-group, 75% alcohol-extracted group, MLD value of 30% alcohol-filtered group, 30% alcohol-extracted group were tested by mg/kg basis. Administration and observation the mice for 14 days, and the change of mice weight, the acute toxical symptoms, signs, death time and accumulated death rate were recorded. Results The content of total alkaloid is: 75% alcohol-filtered group>75% alcohol-extracted group>30% alcohol-filtered group>30% alcohol-extracted group; the content of total organic acid is: 75% alcohol-filtered group>75% alcohol-extracted group>30% alcohol-extracted group>30% alcohol-filtered group.The MTD value of 75% alcohol-filtered group and 75% alcohol-extracted group is 94.4 g·kg-1·d-1 and 99.2 g·kg-1·d-1 respectively, which are equal to 734.2 and 771.6 times of daily dosage in clinic;the MLD value of 30% alcohol-filtered group and 30% alcohol-extracted group is 295.2 g·kg-1·d-1 and 291.6g·kg-1·d-1 respectively, which are equal to 2 296.0 and 2 268.0 times of daily dosage in clinic. Conclusion Extracting temperature and alcohol concentration have great influence on the content of toxical substances of Rhizoma Pinelliae, total alkaloid and total organic acid are mostly in high-concentration alcohol extractions. The temperature mainly impact the content of total alkaloid, while has small impact on the content of total organic acid. The results also shows that the acute toxity of different alcohol extracted samples have some relevance with the content of total organic acid and total alkaloid.

Key words: Rhizoma Pinelliae, alcohol extracted craft, total alkaloid, total organic acid, acute toxicity

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